零打碎敲学Android(一)—用什么来替代Graphics

这几天开着代理研究android（主要是长期以来 developer.android.com 被墙撞……），总算初步掌握了android的图形处理方式，准备在Blog上写一些经验性的总结。


一、Android Virtual Device仿真界面对应快捷

模拟项 设备键 PC键 Home HOME Menu (left softkey) F2 or Page-up button Star (right softkey) Shift-F2 or Page Down Back ESC Call/dial button F3 Hangup/end call button F4 Search F5 Power button F7 Audio volume up button KEYPAD_PLUS, Ctrl-5 Audio volume down button KEYPAD_MINUS, Ctrl-F6 Camera button Ctrl-KEYPAD_5, Ctrl-F3 Switch to previous layout orientation (for example, portrait, landscape) KEYPAD_7, F11 Switch to next layout orientation (for example, portrait, landscape) KEYPAD_9, F12 Toggle cell networking on/off F8 Toggle code profiling F9 (only with -trace startup option) Toggle fullscreen mode Alt-Enter Toggle trackball mode F6 Enter trackball mode temporarily (while key is pressed) Delete DPad left/up/right/down KEYPAD_4/8/6/2 DPad center click KEYPAD_5 Onion alpha increase/decrease KEYPAD_MULTIPLY(*) / KEYPAD_DIVIDE(/)

二、要想在View中绘制图形，至少需要用到以下三者

1、Bitmap

Android中使用Bitmap承载图像资源，其默认支持4种图像格式(调用方式，Bitmap.Config.XXXX)，分别为ALPHA8、RGB565、ARGB4444、ARGB8888，单就显示效果而言以ARGB8888效果最佳，ALPHA8效果最差，当然占用资源与之相反。

不过Bitmap本身的运算量非常小，其具体操作大量依赖于native，如下所示：

   private static native Bitmap nativeCreate(int[] colors, int offset, int stride, int width, int height, int nativeConfig, boolean mutable); private static native Bitmap nativeCopy(int srcBitmap, int nativeConfig, boolean isMutable); private static native void nativeDestructor(int nativeBitmap); private static native void nativeRecycle(int nativeBitmap); private static native boolean nativeCompress(int nativeBitmap, int format, int quality, OutputStream stream, byte[] tempStorage); private static native void nativeErase(int nativeBitmap, int color); private static native int nativeWidth(int nativeBitmap); private static native int nativeHeight(int nativeBitmap); private static native int nativeRowBytes(int nativeBitmap); private static native int nativeConfig(int nativeBitmap); private static native boolean nativeHasAlpha(int nativeBitmap); private static native int nativeGetPixel(int nativeBitmap, int x, int y); private static native void nativeGetPixels(int nativeBitmap, int[] pixels, int offset, int stride, int x, int y, int width, int height); private static native void nativeSetPixel(int nativeBitmap, int x, int y, int color); private static native void nativeSetPixels(int nativeBitmap, int[] colors, int offset, int stride, int x, int y, int width, int height); private static native void nativeCopyPixelsToBuffer(int nativeBitmap, Buffer dst); private static native void nativeCopyPixelsFromBuffer(int nb, Buffer src); private static native Bitmap nativeCreateFromParcel(Parcel p); // returns true on success private static native boolean nativeWriteToParcel(int nativeBitmap, boolean isMutable, Parcel p); // returns a new bitmap built from the native bitmap's alpha, and the paint private static native Bitmap nativeExtractAlpha(int nativeBitmap, int nativePaint, int[] offsetXY);

2、Canvas

Android中使用Canvas对应标准Java应用中的Graphics，其具体操作与Graphics类似，但实际功能却较Graphics为少，需要同Paint配合使用。

与Bitmap近似，Canvas主要实现依赖于OpenGL ES，其本身的运算量非常之小，Canvas本地接口如下所示：


    private static native int initRaster(int nativeBitmapOrZero); private static native int initGL(); private static native void native_setBitmap(int nativeCanvas, int bitmap); private static native void nativeSetViewport(int nCanvas, int w, int h); private static native int native_saveLayer(int nativeCanvas, RectF bounds, int paint, int layerFlags); private static native int native_saveLayer(int nativeCanvas, float l, float t, float r, float b, int paint, int layerFlags); private static native int native_saveLayerAlpha(int nativeCanvas, RectF bounds, int alpha, int layerFlags); private static native int native_saveLayerAlpha(int nativeCanvas, float l, float t, float r, float b, int alpha, int layerFlags); private static native void native_concat(int nCanvas, int nMatrix); private static native void native_setMatrix(int nCanvas, int nMatrix); private static native boolean native_clipRect(int nCanvas, float left, float top, float right, float bottom, int regionOp); private static native boolean native_clipPath(int nativeCanvas, int nativePath, int regionOp); private static native boolean native_clipRegion(int nativeCanvas, int nativeRegion, int regionOp); private static native void nativeSetDrawFilter(int nativeCanvas, int nativeFilter); private static native boolean native_getClipBounds(int nativeCanvas, Rect bounds); private static native void native_getCT