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简介
这节课NeHe课程主要向我们演示了怎么使用OpenGL中的VertexBufferObject,VBO的介绍可以参考另一篇文章VA VAO和VBO API备忘
在OSG中默认绘制Drawable的时候采用了显示列表的方式,另外也可以通过
virtual void | setUseVertexBufferObjects (bool flag) |
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实现
本课的实现过程十分简单,从灰度图中读取像素灰度值然后转换成顶点的高度:
int nPos = ( ( nX % image->s() ) + ( ( nY % image->t() ) * image->s() ) ) * 3;
float flR = (float) image->data()[ nPos ];
float flG = (float) image->data()[ nPos + 1 ];
float flB = (float) image->data()[ nPos + 2 ];
return ( 0.299f * flR + 0.587f * flG + 0.114f * flB );
绘制整个地形:
osg::Geode* loadHeightmap( char* szPath, float flHeightScale, float flResolution )
{
FILE* fTest = fopen( szPath, "r" );
if( !fTest )
return false;
fclose( fTest );
osg::Geode *geode = new osg::Geode;
osg::Geometry *geometry = new osg::Geometry;
osg::Image *image = osgDB::readImageFile("Terrain.bmp");
int nVertexCount = (int)(image->s() * image->t() * 6 / (flResolution * flResolution));
osg::Vec3Array *vertexArray = new osg::Vec3Array;
osg::Vec2Array *textureArray = new osg::Vec2Array;
int nX, nZ, nTri, nIndex=0;
float flX, flZ;
for( nZ = 0; nZ < image->t(); nZ += (int) flResolution )
{
for( nX = 0; nX < image->s(); nX += (int) flResolution )
{
for( nTri = 0; nTri < 6; nTri++ )
{
flX = (float) nX + ( ( nTri == 1 || nTri == 2 || nTri == 5 ) ? flResolution : 0.0f );
flZ = (float) nZ + ( ( nTri == 2 || nTri == 4 || nTri == 5 ) ? flResolution : 0.0f );
vertexArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(flX - ( image->s() / 2 ), ptHeight( (int) flX, (int) flZ, image ) * flHeightScale, flZ - ( image->t() / 2 )));
textureArray->push_back(osg::Vec2(flX / image->s(), flZ / image->t()));
nIndex++;
}
}
}
osg::Texture2D *texture2D = new osg::Texture2D;
texture2D->setFilter(osg::Texture::MAG_FILTER, osg::Texture::LINEAR);
texture2D->setFilter(osg::Texture::MIN_FILTER, osg::Texture::LINEAR);
texture2D->setImage(image);
geometry->setVertexArray(vertexArray);
geometry->setTexCoordArray(0, textureArray);
geometry->getOrCreateStateSet()->setTextureAttributeAndModes(0, texture2D);
geometry->getOrCreateStateSet()->setMode(GL_LIGHTING, osg::StateAttribute::OFF);
geometry->addPrimitiveSet(new osg::DrawArrays(osg::PrimitiveSet::TRIANGLES, 0, vertexArray->size()));
geometry->setUseVertexBufferObjects(true);
geode->addDrawable(geometry);
return geode;
}
编译运行程序:
附:本课源码(源码中可能存在错误和不足,仅供参考)
#include "../osgNeHe.h"
#include <QtCore/QTimer>
#include <QtGui/QApplication>
#include <QtGui/QVBoxLayout>
#include <osgViewer/Viewer>
#include <osgDB/ReadFile>
#include <osgQt/GraphicsWindowQt>
#include <osg/MatrixTransform>
#include <osg/PolygonMode>
#include <osg/Image>
#include <osg/Texture2D>
#include <osg/AnimationPath>
#define MESH_RESOLUTION 4.0f
#define MESH_HEIGHTSCALE 1.0f
//
float ptHeight( int nX, int nY, osg::Image *image)
{
int nPos = ( ( nX % image->s() ) + ( ( nY % image->t() ) * image->s() ) ) * 3;
float flR = (float) image->data()[ nPos ];
float flG = (float) image->data()[ nPos + 1 ];
float flB = (float) image->data()[ nPos + 2 ];
return ( 0.299f * flR + 0.587f * flG + 0.114f * flB );
}
osg::Geode* loadHeightmap( char* szPath, float flHeightScale, float flResolution )
{
FILE* fTest = fopen( szPath, "r" );
if( !fTest )
return false;
fclose( fTest );
osg::Geode *geode = new osg::Geode;
osg::Geometry *geometry = new osg::Geometry;
osg::Image *image = osgDB::readImageFile("Terrain.bmp");
int nVertexCount = (int)(image->s() * image->t() * 6 / (flResolution * flResolution));
osg::Vec3Array *vertexArray = new osg::Vec3Array;
osg::Vec2Array *textureArray = new osg::Vec2Array;
int nX, nZ, nTri, nIndex=0;
float flX, flZ;
for( nZ = 0; nZ < image->t(); nZ += (int) flResolution )
{
for( nX = 0; nX < image->s(); nX += (int) flResolution )
{
for( nTri = 0; nTri < 6; nTri++ )
{
flX = (float) nX + ( ( nTri == 1 || nTri == 2 || nTri == 5 ) ? flResolution : 0.0f );
flZ = (float) nZ + ( ( nTri == 2 || nTri == 4 || nTri == 5 ) ? flResolution : 0.0f );
vertexArray->push_back(osg::Vec3(flX - ( image->s() / 2 ), ptHeight( (int) flX, (int) flZ, image ) * flHeightScale, flZ - ( image->t() / 2 )));
textureArray->push_back(osg::Vec2(flX / image->s(), flZ / image->t()));
nIndex++;
}
}
}
osg::Texture2D *texture2D = new osg::Texture2D;
texture2D->setFilter(osg::Texture::MAG_FILTER, osg::Texture::LINEAR);
texture2D->setFilter(osg::Texture::MIN_FILTER, osg::Texture::LINEAR);
texture2D->setImage(image);
geometry->setVertexArray(vertexArray);
geometry->setTexCoordArray(0, textureArray);
geometry->getOrCreateStateSet()->setTextureAttributeAndModes(0, texture2D);
geometry->getOrCreateStateSet()->setMode(GL_LIGHTING, osg::StateAttribute::OFF);
geometry->addPrimitiveSet(new osg::DrawArrays(osg::PrimitiveSet::TRIANGLES, 0, vertexArray->size()));
geometry->setUseVertexBufferObjects(true);
geode->addDrawable(geometry);
return geode;
}
class ViewerWidget : public QWidget, public osgViewer::Viewer
{
public:
ViewerWidget(osg::Node *scene = NULL)
{
QWidget* renderWidget = getRenderWidget( createGraphicsWindow(0,0,640,480), scene);
QVBoxLayout* layout = new QVBoxLayout;
layout->addWidget(renderWidget);
layout->setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 1);
setLayout( layout );
connect( &_timer, SIGNAL(timeout()), this, SLOT(update()) );
_timer.start( 10 );
}
QWidget* getRenderWidget( osgQt::GraphicsWindowQt* gw, osg::Node* scene )
{
osg::Camera* camera = this->getCamera();
camera->setGraphicsContext( gw );
const osg::GraphicsContext::Traits* traits = gw->getTraits();
camera->setClearColor( osg::Vec4(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0) );
camera->setViewport( new osg::Viewport(0, 0, traits->width, traits->height) );
camera->setProjectionMatrixAsPerspective(45.0f, static_cast<double>(traits->width)/static_cast<double>(traits->height), 0.1f, 100.0f );
camera->setViewMatrixAsLookAt(osg::Vec3d(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f), osg::Vec3d(0, 0, 0), osg::Vec3d(0, 1, 0));
this->setSceneData( scene );
return gw->getGLWidget();
}
osgQt::GraphicsWindowQt* createGraphicsWindow( int x, int y, int w, int h, const std::string& name="", bool windowDecoration=false )
{
osg::DisplaySettings* ds = osg::DisplaySettings::instance().get();
osg::ref_ptr<osg::GraphicsContext::Traits> traits = new osg::GraphicsContext::Traits;
traits->windowName = name;
traits->windowDecoration = windowDecoration;
traits->x = x;
traits->y = y;
traits->width = w;
traits->height = h;
traits->doubleBuffer = true;
traits->alpha = ds->getMinimumNumAlphaBits();
traits->stencil = ds->getMinimumNumStencilBits();
traits->sampleBuffers = ds->getMultiSamples();
traits->samples = ds->getNumMultiSamples();
return new osgQt::GraphicsWindowQt(traits.get());
}
virtual void paintEvent( QPaintEvent* event )
{
frame();
}
protected:
QTimer _timer;
};
osg::Node* buildScene()
{
osg::Group *root = new osg::Group;
osg::MatrixTransform *zoomMT = new osg::MatrixTransform;
zoomMT->setMatrix(osg::Matrix::translate(0.0f, -220.0f, 0.0f));
osg::MatrixTransform *rotateSlightMT = new osg::MatrixTransform;
rotateSlightMT->setMatrix(osg::Matrix::rotate(osg::DegreesToRadians(10.0), osg::X_AXIS));
osg::MatrixTransform *rotateYMT = new osg::MatrixTransform;
rotateYMT->addUpdateCallback(new osg::AnimationPathCallback(osg::Vec3(), osg::Y_AXIS, 0.3));
root->addChild(zoomMT);
zoomMT->addChild(rotateSlightMT);
rotateSlightMT->addChild(rotateYMT);
rotateYMT->addChild(loadHeightmap("terrain.bmp", MESH_HEIGHTSCALE, MESH_RESOLUTION));
return root;
}
int main( int argc, char** argv )
{
QApplication app(argc, argv);
ViewerWidget* viewWidget = new ViewerWidget(buildScene());
viewWidget->setGeometry( 100, 100, 640, 480 );
viewWidget->show();
return app.exec();
}