39. Combination Sum

题目

Given a set of candidate numbers (C) (without duplicates) and a target number (T), find all unique combinations in C where the candidate numbers sums to T.

The same repeated number may be chosen from C unlimited number of times.

Note:
All numbers (including target) will be positive integers.
The solution set must not contain duplicate combinations.
For example, given candidate set [2, 3, 6, 7] and target 7,
A solution set is:

[
  [7],
  [2, 2, 3]
]

思路

这是深度搜索思想的典型应用。例如搜索candidates=[1,2]，target=3时的搜索路径。
公有两条路径满足：

[1,1,1]
[1,2]

实现代码

//assert: 
//1. elements can be used more than once
//2. no duplicate elements.
public class Solution {
     private IList<IList<int>> result = new List<IList<int>>();
        private int[] nums;
        public IList<IList<int>> CombinationSum(int[] candidates, int target)
        {
            nums = candidates;
            Array.Sort(nums);
            dfs(new List<int>(), target, 0);
            return result;
        }
        private void dfs(List<int> tmp, int remain, int start)
        {
            if (remain < 0) return;
            if (remain == 0)
                result.Add(new List<int>(tmp)); //donot directly add tmp!!!
            else
            {
                for (int i = start; i < nums.Length; i++)
                {
                    tmp.Add(nums[i]);
                    dfs(tmp, remain - nums[i], i); //start shoud be set i!!!
                    tmp.RemoveAt(tmp.Count - 1); //remove last-index element in tmp
                }
            }
        }
}