0912Android基础网络技术之Http协议访问网络

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-16 12:19:33 发布

DDDebussy

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-16 12:19:33 发布

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分类专栏： Android基础网络应用文章标签： http协议网络

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/dddebussy/article/details/48447839

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使用HTTP协议访问网络

　　它的工作原始，客户端向服务器发出一条HTTP请求，服务器收到请求后会返回一些数据给客户端，然后客户端对这些数据进行解析和处理。包含HttpUrlConnection和HttpClient

通过urlConnection读取网页中的数据

　　首先的首先还是要先添加权限

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />

　　设置一个按键触发事件,将访问网络写在线程里，因为访问网络是耗时操作，耗时操作不能直接写在主线程里面。

 public void onClick(View v) {
        switch (v.getId()) {
            case R.id.btn_read:
                new Thread(new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        connectServerlet();
                    }
                }).start();
                break;
 }

　　线程 connectServerlet(),将获得的信息通过Message传到Handler中，进而设置UI。

 private void connectServerlet() {

        try {
            URL url = new URL("http://192.168.0.44:8080/MyServiceTest/MyTestServlet");

//            URL url = new URL("http://www.360.com");
            URLConnection connection = url.openConnection();

            InputStream is = connection.getInputStream();
            BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
            String line = reader.readLine();
//            新建stringbuffer对象
            mStringBuffer = new StringBuffer();
            while (line != null) {
                mStringBuffer.append(line);
                Log.d("读取服务器的内容", " " + line);
                line = reader.readLine();

            }
//            将数据传入handler
            Message msg = handler.obtainMessage();
            msg.what = SEND_MESSAGE;
            msg.obj = mStringBuffer.toString().trim();// trim去掉空格
            handler.sendMessage(msg);
            reader.close();
            is.close();

        } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

　　Handler记得导这个包import android.os.Handler;

private Handler handler = new Handler() {
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            super.handleMessage(msg);
            switch (msg.what) {
                case SEND_MESSAGE:
                    String content = (String) msg.obj;
                    mTvMessage.setText(content);
                    break;
                default:
                    break;
            }
        }
    };

　　全部代码见主线程代码
　　达到的效果
这里写图片描述

HttpURLConnection

　　添加权限

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />

　　另外开一个活动，通过intent进行通信

 Intent intenthttpUrl=new Intent(getApplicationContext(),MyHttpURLConnection.class);
                startActivity(intenthttpUrl);

　　在AndroidMainfest中注册(具体位置见下面主线程代码)

<activity android:name=".MyHttpURLConnection"></activity>

　　doget和dopost方法

package com.example.laowang.myinternet;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.ProtocolException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;


public class MyHttpURLConnection extends Activity implements View.OnClickListener{
    private Button mBtnHttpURlGet;
    private Button mBtnHttpURlPost;
    private StringBuffer mStringBuffer;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_httpurl);

        mBtnHttpURlGet= (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_httpurl_doget);
        mBtnHttpURlPost= (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_httpurl_dopost);

        mBtnHttpURlGet.setOnClickListener(this);
        mBtnHttpURlPost.setOnClickListener(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        switch (v.getId()){
            case R.id.btn_httpurl_doget:
                new Thread(new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        doGet();
                    }
                }).start();
                break;
            case R.id.btn_httpurl_dopost:
                new Thread(new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        doPost();
                    }
                }).start();

                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
    }

    private void doPost() {
        String urlString1="http://192.168.0.44:8080/MyServiceTest/MyTestServlet";
        try {
            URL url1= new URL(urlString1);
            HttpURLConnection connection=(HttpURLConnection) url1.openConnection();//强制转型
            //HttpURLConnection进行控制
            //设置连接超时时间
            connection.setConnectTimeout(30000);
            //读取超时时间
            connection.setReadTimeout(30000);
            //设置编码格式
            // 设置接受的数据类型
            connection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Charset", "utf-8");
            // 设置可以接受序例化的java对象
            connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");

            //客户端输出部分
            //设置 URL 请求的方法
            connection.setRequestMethod("POST");
            //设置客户端可以给服务器提交数据，默认是false的,POST时必须改成true
            connection.setDoOutput(true);
            //设置可以读取服务器返回的内容，默认为true，不写也可以
            connection.setDoInput(true);
            //post方法不允许使用缓存
            connection.setUseCaches(false);
            String params="username=HttpURLConnectionDoPost&password=123456";
            connection.getOutputStream().write(params.getBytes());//客户端输出数据

            InputStream is = connection.getInputStream();
            BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
            String line = reader.readLine();
//            新建stringbuffer对象
            mStringBuffer = new StringBuffer();
            while (line != null) {
                mStringBuffer.append(line);
                Log.d("读取服务器的内容", " " + line);
                line = reader.readLine();

            }

        } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (ProtocolException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    private void doGet() {
        try {
            //基本设置，设置URL连接，设置HttpURLConnection
            String urlString = "http://192.168.0.44:8080/MyServiceTest/MyTestServlet?username=HttpURLConnectionDoGet&password=123456";
            URL url = new URL(urlString);//生成url
            URLConnection connect = url.openConnection();//打开url连接
            //强制造型成httpUrlConnection
            HttpURLConnection httpConnection = (HttpURLConnection) connect;
            //设置请求方法
            httpConnection.setRequestMethod("GET");
            //设置连接超时的时间
            httpConnection.setConnectTimeout(3000);
            //读取时间超时
            httpConnection.setReadTimeout(3000);
            //设置编码格式
            // 设置接受的数据类型
            httpConnection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Charset", "utf-8");
            // 设置可以接受序例化的java对象
            httpConnection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");

            InputStream is = connect.getInputStream();
            BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
            String line = reader.readLine();
//            新建stringbuffer对象
            mStringBuffer = new StringBuffer();
            while (line != null) {
                mStringBuffer.append(line);
                Log.d("读取服务器的内容", " " + line);
                line = reader.readLine();

            }

        } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (ProtocolException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

　　达到的效果
doget

这里写图片描述

dopost

这里写图片描述

HttpClient

　　添加权限

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />

　　另外开一个活动，通过intent进行通信

Intent intent1 = new Intent(getApplicationContext(), MyHttpClientActivity.class);
                startActivity(intent1);

　　在AndroidMainfest中注册(具体位置见下面主线程代码)

        <activity android:name=".MyHttpClientActivity"></activity>

　　doget和dopost方法

package com.example.laowang.myinternet;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.StatusLine;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.util.ArrayList;


public class MyHttpClientActivity extends Activity implements View.OnClickListener{
    private Button mBtnClientDoPost;
    private Button mBtnClientDoGet;
    private TextView mTvClientBack;
    private String line;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_httpclient);

        mBtnClientDoGet= (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_client_doget);
        mBtnClientDoPost= (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_client_dopost);
        mTvClientBack= (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_client_back);

        mBtnClientDoPost.setOnClickListener(this);
        mBtnClientDoGet.setOnClickListener(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        switch (v.getId()){
            case R.id.btn_client_doget:
                new MyAsyncTask().execute();
                break;
            case R.id.btn_client_dopost:
                new Thread(new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        httpDoPost();
                    }
                }).start();
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
    }

    private void httpDoPost() {
        String urlString = "http://192.168.0.44:8080/MyServiceTest/MyTestServlet";
        HttpClient client=new DefaultHttpClient();

        //设置客户端输出信息
        NameValuePair pair1=new BasicNameValuePair("username", "HttpClientPost");
        NameValuePair pair2=new BasicNameValuePair("password", "123456");
        ArrayList<NameValuePair> array=new ArrayList<>();
        array.add(pair2);
        array.add(pair1);

        // post方法
        // 设置post方法及环境
        HttpPost post = new HttpPost(urlString);
        try {
            //设置传递的参数格式
            post.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(array, "UTF-8"));
            post.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8");
            // 执行post方法法获得服务器返回的所有数据
            HttpResponse response = client.execute(post);

            // 接收处理服务器返回数据
            // 获得服务器返回的表头
            StatusLine statusLine = response.getStatusLine();
            // 获得状态码
            int code = statusLine.getStatusCode();
            if (code == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
                // 获得数据实体
                HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
                // 获得数据的输入流并读入
                InputStream is = entity.getContent();
                BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
                String line = br.readLine();
                while (line != null) {
                    System.out.println(line);
                    line = br.readLine();
                }
            }
        } catch (ClientProtocolException e1) {
            e1.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e1) {
            e1.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    class MyAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<String ,Integer,String>{
        @Override
        protected void onPostExecute(String s) {
            super.onPostExecute(s);
        }

        @Override
        protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... values) {
            super.onProgressUpdate(values);
        }

        @Override
        protected String doInBackground(String... params) {
            HttpClient client=new DefaultHttpClient();
            // 建立client
            String urlString = "http://192.168.0.44:8080/MyServiceTest/MyTestServlet?username=HttpClientGet&password=123456";

            // 设置get方法及环境
            HttpGet get = new HttpGet(urlString);
            get.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8");
            try {
                // 执行get方法法获得服务器返回的所有数据
                HttpResponse response = client.execute(get);

                // 接收处理服务器返回数据
                // 获得服务器返回的表头
                StatusLine statusLine = response.getStatusLine();
                // 获得状态码
                int code = statusLine.getStatusCode();
                if (code == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
                    // 获得数据实体
                    HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
                    // 获得数据的输入流并读入
                    InputStream is = entity.getContent();
                    BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
                    line = br.readLine();
                    while (line != null) {
                        line = br.readLine();
                    }

                }
            } catch (ClientProtocolException e1) {
                e1.printStackTrace();
            } catch (IOException e1) {
                e1.printStackTrace();
            }
            return "登录成功";
        }
    }
}

　　达到的效果
doget

这里写图片描述
　　
dopost

这里写图片描述

主线程代码

　　这个主线程也用于后面的下载、XUtils、Volley中

package com.example.laowang.myinternet;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.ProtocolException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;

public class MainActivity extends Activity implements View.OnClickListener {
    private Button mBtnRead;
    private Button mBtnURLConnection;
    private Button mBtnVolley;
    private Button mBtnDownLoad;
    private Button mBtnHttpClient;
    private Button mBtnHttpUtils;
    private TextView mTvMessage;
    private StringBuffer mStringBuffer;
    private static final int SEND_MESSAGE = 0x222;
    private Handler handler = new Handler() {
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            super.handleMessage(msg);
            switch (msg.what) {
                case SEND_MESSAGE:
                    String content = (String) msg.obj;
                    mTvMessage.setText(content);
                    break;
                default:
                    break;
            }
        }
    };

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        mBtnRead = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_read);
        mBtnURLConnection = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_url_connection);
        mBtnVolley = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_volley_get);
        mBtnDownLoad = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_download);
        mTvMessage = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_message);
        mBtnHttpClient = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_http_client);
        mBtnHttpUtils = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_httputils_get);

        mBtnRead.setOnClickListener(this);
        mBtnURLConnection.setOnClickListener(this);
        mBtnVolley.setOnClickListener(this);
        mBtnDownLoad.setOnClickListener(this);
        mBtnHttpClient.setOnClickListener(this);
        mBtnHttpUtils.setOnClickListener(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        switch (v.getId()) {
            case R.id.btn_read:
                new Thread(new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        connectServerlet();
                    }
                }).start();
                break;
            case R.id.btn_url_connection:
                Intent intenthttpUrl=new Intent(getApplicationContext(),MyHttpURLConnection.class);
                startActivity(intenthttpUrl);
                break;
            case R.id.btn_download:
                Intent intent = new Intent(getApplicationContext(), SecondActivity.class);
                startActivity(intent);
                break;
            case R.id.btn_volley_get:
                Intent intentVolley = new Intent(getApplicationContext(), MyVolleyActivity.class);
                startActivity(intentVolley);
                break;
            case R.id.btn_http_client:
                Intent intent1 = new Intent(getApplicationContext(), MyHttpClientActivity.class);
                startActivity(intent1);
                break;
            case R.id.btn_httputils_get:
                Intent intentUtils = new Intent(getApplicationContext(), MyXUtils.class);
                startActivity(intentUtils);
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
    }


    private void connectServerlet() {

        try {
            URL url = new URL("http://192.168.0.44:8080/MyServiceTest/MyTestServlet");

//            URL url = new URL("http://www.360.com");
            URLConnection connection = url.openConnection();

            InputStream is = connection.getInputStream();
            BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
            String line = reader.readLine();
//            新建stringbuffer对象
            mStringBuffer = new StringBuffer();
            while (line != null) {
                mStringBuffer.append(line);
                Log.d("读取服务器的内容", " " + line);
                line = reader.readLine();

            }
//            将数据传入handler
            Message msg = handler.obtainMessage();
            msg.what = SEND_MESSAGE;
            msg.obj = mStringBuffer.toString().trim();// trim去掉空格
            handler.sendMessage(msg);
            reader.close();
            is.close();

        } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }


}

　　AndroidMainfest

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.example.laowang.myinternet">

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
        <activity
            android:name=".MainActivity"
            android:label="@string/app_name">
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
        <activity android:name=".SecondActivity"></activity>
        <activity android:name=".MyHttpClientActivity"></activity>
        <activity android:name=".MyVolleyActivity"></activity>
        <activity android:name=".MyXUtils"></activity>
        <activity android:name=".MyHttpURLConnection"></activity>
    </application>

</manifest>