android中的数据存储（SharePreferences，本地，和数据库）

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-01 04:00:42 发布

Dr_abandon新秀

最新推荐文章于 2024-04-01 04:00:42 发布

阅读量1.5k

点赞数 5

分类专栏： android数据存储文章标签： android 数据库数据存储存储对象

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/dr_abandon/article/details/54341501

版权

android数据存储专栏收录该内容

2 篇文章 0 订阅

订阅专栏

安卓数据存储方式
数据存储：File（本地），网络，ContentProvider（内容提供者），SharePreferences，数据库。

下面讲的是SharePreferences，本地，和数据库

SharedPreferences的使用方法
内部存储器和外部存储器的使用
SQliteDataBase与SQLiteOpenHelper的使用
序列化对象的存储以及读取

Shared Preferences:以键值对的方式存储私有的基本数据类型
Internal Storage 保存私有的数据到设备内存储
External Storage保存公共数据到共享外部存储如SD卡
SQLite Databases保存结构化数据到私有的数据库(ANDROID内置数据库)

sharePreferences

以xml方式存储在本地
//获取
SharedPreferences sp = getSharedPreferences(“isFirst”, MODE_PRIVATE);
存储操作模式有:
MODE_PRIVATE
MODE_APPEND
MODE_WORLD_READABLE
MODE_WORLD_WRITEABLE

//获取值
getXXX(“key”,defValue);
//存放值
putXXX（”key”,基础数据）;
//编辑需要调用editor
Editor et = sp.editor();
et.commit();
//清空
et.clear();
//文件存放地址
//data/data/包名/shared_pres

下面一个示例

这里写图片描述

这个样式Module中需要添加

dependencies {
 compile 'com.android.support:design:24.2.1'
}

MainActivity

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements CompoundButton.OnCheckedChangeListener, View.OnClickListener {
    EditText et_username, et_password;
    TextView tv_login;
    CheckBox cb_remebr, cb_auto;

    SPHelper spHelper;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        spHelper = new SPHelper(this, "login");
        et_username = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.et_username);
        et_password = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.et_password);
        tv_login = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_login);
        cb_remebr = (CheckBox) findViewById(R.id.cb_remem);
        cb_auto = (CheckBox) findViewById(R.id.cb_auto);
        cb_auto.setOnCheckedChangeListener(this);
        cb_remebr.setOnCheckedChangeListener(this);
        tv_login.setOnClickListener(this);
        //用户打开界面，我需要读取所有的信息
        SharedPreferences sp = getSharedPreferences("login", MODE_PRIVATE);\
//        spHelper.getBoolean("isRemebr");
        boolean b = sp.getBoolean("isRemebr", false);
        if (b) {
            cb_remebr.setChecked(true);
            String username = sp.getString("username", "");
            String password = sp.getString("password    ", "");
            et_username.setText(username);
            et_password.setText(password);
            cb_auto.setChecked(sp.getBoolean("isAuto", false));
        }

//        //xml文件
//        SharedPreferences sp = getSharedPreferences("Setting", MODE_PRIVATE);
//        //存储一些数据
//        boolean b = sp.getBoolean("isFirst", true);
//        Log.e("TAG", "------------------" + b);
//        if (b) {
//            //启动引导页
//            //启动后 ， 写入false
//            //开始编辑
//            Toast.makeText(this, "第一次登陆", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
//            SharedPreferences.Editor et = sp.edit();
//            et.putBoolean("isFirst", false);
//            et.commit();
//        } else {
//            Toast.makeText(this, "不是第一次登陆", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
//        }

    }

    @Override
    public void onCheckedChanged(CompoundButton buttonView, boolean isChecked) {
        //勾选状态
        if (buttonView == cb_remebr) {
            if (!isChecked) {
                cb_auto.setChecked(false);
            }
        } else {
            if (isChecked) {
                cb_remebr.setChecked(true);
            }
        }

    }


    String[] user = {"zhangsan", "lisi", "wangwu", "tianqi", "zhaoliu"};

    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        String password = et_password.getText().toString();
        String username = et_username.getText().toString();
        for (String s : user) {
            if (username.equals(s) && password.equals("123456")) {
                if (cb_remebr.isChecked()) {
                    //保存用户的资料
                    SharedPreferences sp = getSharedPreferences("login", MODE_PRIVATE);
                    SharedPreferences.Editor et = sp.edit();
                    et.putBoolean("isRemebr", true);
                    et.putString("username", username);
                    et.putString("password", password);
                    et.putBoolean("isAuto", cb_auto.isChecked());
                    et.commit();

//                    spHelper.putValue(new SPHelper.ContentValue("",""),new SPHelper.ContentValue(),new SPHelper.ContentValue());

                } else {
                    //清空账户
                    SharedPreferences sp = getSharedPreferences("login", MODE_PRIVATE);
                    sp.edit().clear().commit();
                }
                Toast.makeText(this, "登录成功", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                return;
            }
        }
        Toast.makeText(this, "登录失败", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }
}

自己封装的SharedPreferences

public class SPHelper {

    SharedPreferences sp;

    public SPHelper(Context context, String name) {
        sp = context.getSharedPreferences(name, Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
    }


    //存
    public void putValue(ContentValue... contentValues) {
        SharedPreferences.Editor et = sp.edit();
        for (ContentValue contentValue : contentValues) {
            //判断类型
            if (contentValue.value instanceof String) {
                et.putString(contentValue.key, contentValue.value.toString());
            } else if (contentValue.value instanceof Integer) {
                et.putInt(contentValue.key, Integer.parseInt(contentValue.value.toString()));
            } else if (contentValue.value instanceof Long) {
                et.putLong(contentValue.key, Long.parseLong(contentValue.value.toString()));
            } else if (contentValue.value instanceof Boolean) {
                et.putBoolean(contentValue.key, Boolean.parseBoolean(contentValue.value.toString()));
            }
        }
        et.commit();
    }

    public String getString(String key) {
        return sp.getString(key, null);
    }

    public boolean getBoolean(String key) {
        return sp.getBoolean(key, false);
    }

    public int getInt(String key) {
        return sp.getInt(key, -1);
    }

    public long getLong(String key) {
        return sp.getLong(key, -1);
    }


    public void clear() {
        sp.edit().clear().commit();
    }


    public static class ContentValue {
        String key;
        Object value;

        public ContentValue(String key, Object value) {
            this.key = key;
            this.value = value;
        }

        public ContentValue() {
        }
    }

}

xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:id="@+id/activity_main"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:gravity="center"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:padding="50dp"
    tools:context="com.example.sharedpreferences_11_1.MainActivity">


    <android.support.design.widget.TextInputLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:hint="请输入账户名：">

        <EditText
            android:id="@+id/et_username"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
    </android.support.design.widget.TextInputLayout>

    <android.support.design.widget.TextInputLayout
        android:layout_marginTop="20dp"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:hint="请输入密码：">

        <EditText
            android:id="@+id/et_pwd"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
    </android.support.design.widget.TextInputLayout>

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_marginTop="20dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="horizontal">

        <CheckBox
            android:id="@+id/cb_remember"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:text="记住密码" />

        <CheckBox
            android:id="@+id/cb_auto"
            android:layout_width="0dp"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            android:text="自动登录" />
    </LinearLayout>

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginTop="20dp"
        android:background="#336699"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:padding="10dp"
        android:text="登录"
        android:id="@+id/tv_login"
        android:textColor="@android:color/white" />
</LinearLayout>

内部存储器外部存储器

内部存储器

Context.openFileInput(String name);//打开文件流
Context.openFileOutput(String name,int mode //private,append);
内部存储器一般在没有外部存储器时使用
//检测有没有存储器
String state = Environment.getExternalStorageState();
MEDIA_MOUNTED:媒体就绪

外部存储器

根目录 Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()//少一个”/”
遍历必须在子线程，防止阻塞UI线程。

下面一个示例

MainActivity

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    EditText et_content;

    /**
     * 在没有外部存储器的情况下 使用他
     *
     * @param savedInstanceState
     */

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        et_content = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.et_contnet);

    }

    public void save(View v) {
        try {
            FileOutputStream fos = openFileOutput("file", MODE_APPEND);
            fos.write(et_content.getText().toString().getBytes());
            fos.flush();
            fos.close();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public void read(View v) {
        FileInputStream fis = null;
        try {
            fis = openFileInput("file");
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        try {
            while ((len = fis.read(buf)) != -1) {
                et_content.append(new String(buf, 0, len));
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        try {
            fis.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

    public void check(View v) {
        //获取存储器状态
        String state = Environment.getExternalStorageState();
        //sd卡就绪状态
        if (state.equals(Environment.MEDIA_MOUNTED)) {
            //外部存储器
            Toast.makeText(this, "可以使用外部存储器", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        } else {
            //只能使用内部存储器
            Toast.makeText(this, "只能使用内部存储器", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    }
}

SDCardActivity

public class SDCardActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    ArrayList<File> fileList = new ArrayList();

    //权限
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        Button btn = new Button(this);
        setContentView(btn);
        btn.setText("读SD");
        btn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                new Thread() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        getAllFiles(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(), fileList);
                        System.out.println(fileList.toString());
                    }
                }.start();
            }
        });
        try {
            FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory().getAbsolutePath() + "/aaa.txt");
            fos.write("你好，外部存储器".getBytes());
            fos.flush();
            fos.close();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }


    public void getAllFiles(File dir, List<File> fileList) {
        File[] files = dir.listFiles();
        if (files == null)
            return;

        for (File file : files) {
            if (file.isDirectory())
                getAllFiles(file, fileList);
            fileList.add(file);
        }
    }

}

xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:id="@+id/activity_main"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context="com.example.administrator.lesson13_sdcared.MainActivity">

    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/et_contnet"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Hello World!" />

    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:onClick="save"
        android:text="save" />

    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:onClick="read"
        android:text="read" />

    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:onClick="check"
        android:text="检测存储器" />
</LinearLayout>

注以上是两个存储方式一个内部，一个外部

数据 SQL语句

5个语句
1. 建表
CREATE TABLE TABLE_NAME(字段类型限制符号…) primary key autoincrement not null
2. 插入
INSERT INTO TABLE_NAME (字段…) values (值…)
3. 删除
DELETE FROM TABLE_NAME WHERE 删除条件
4. 修改
UPDATE TABLE_NAME SET 字段=值，，， WHERE 修改条件
5. 查询
SELECT 字段* FROM TABLE_NAME WHERE 查询条件

SQliteDataBase

创建 SqliteOpenHelper的子类重写3个方法
构造方法 : 建立数据库
context
name 数据库名称
CursorFactory 游标工厂 null
varsion 版本号 1
onCreate 建立表，可以有多个
在调用getWritableDatabase,getReadableDatabase的时候才会去判断，是否建立了数据
库，如果没有建立，则建立数据库并且调用onCreate，如果已经有了，不会再调用onCreate,
升级数据库
onUpgrade
用来更新数据库
drop table if exists TableNamegetWritableDatabase
getReadableDatabase
只有在磁盘满的时候，writable会报错，readable不会再执行
增删改查
1. insert(TableName,ContentValues); ContentValues 键为String的HashMap
1. delete(TableName , “条件=?” , new String[]{？对应的值…};
2. update(TableName,ContentValues,”条件=？”,new String[]{?对应值…});
3. query(TableName,null,null,null,null,null);
查询返回Cursor游标.默认指向结果表的头部
调用cursor.moveToNext判断下一个还有没有数据,有的话就取出来
while(cursor.moveToNext())
{ 调
用getXXX的方法来获取值（索引号）
调用getColunmIndex(“键名”)来获取索引号
user.info =
cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(MySqliteOpenHelper.USER_INFO));
} //
结合ContentProvider,会给应用程序内部和外部统一的访问方式
//数据库框架

下面一个示例

这里写图片描述

MainActivity

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements AdapterView.OnItemClickListener, AdapterView.OnItemLongClickListener {

    SQLiteDatabase db;
    ListView lv;

    List<User> list = new ArrayList<>();

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        MySQLiteOpenHelper helper = new MySQLiteOpenHelper(this);

        db = helper.getReadableDatabase();
        lv = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.lv);
        lv.setAdapter(adapter);

        lv.setOnItemClickListener(this);
        lv.setOnItemLongClickListener(this);
    }

    public void insert(View v) {
        ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
        values.put(MySQLiteOpenHelper.USER_USERNAME, "张三");
        values.put(MySQLiteOpenHelper.USER_SEX, "男");
        values.put(MySQLiteOpenHelper.USER_AGE, 20);
        values.put(MySQLiteOpenHelper.USER_INFO, "网络工程师");


        //中间的null的位置是插入的列  null代表所有
        db.insert(MySQLiteOpenHelper.TABLE_NAME, null, values);
        select();
    }

    public void select(View v) {
        select();
    }

    private void select() {
        //显示
        list.clear();
        Cursor cursor = db.query(MySQLiteOpenHelper.TABLE_NAME, null, null, null, null, null, null);
        while (cursor.moveToNext()) {
            User user = new User();
            user.id = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex(MySQLiteOpenHelper.ID));
            user.username = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(MySQLiteOpenHelper.USER_USERNAME));
            user.sex = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(MySQLiteOpenHelper.USER_SEX));
            user.age = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex(MySQLiteOpenHelper.USER_AGE));
            user.info = cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex(MySQLiteOpenHelper.USER_INFO));
            list.add(user);
        }
        //查询完了  刷新适配器
        adapter.notifyDataSetChanged();


    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        db.close();
    }

    @Override
    public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
//        //修改
//        final User user = list.get(position);
//        user.sex = "女";
//        user.age = 25;
//        user.info = "java工程师";
//
//        //修改
//        ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
//        values.put(MySQLiteOpenHelper.USER_INFO, user.info);
//        values.put(MySQLiteOpenHelper.USER_AGE, user.age);
//        values.put(MySQLiteOpenHelper.USER_SEX, user.sex);
//        db.update(MySQLiteOpenHelper.TABLE_NAME, values, MySQLiteOpenHelper.ID + "=?", new String[]{user.id + ""});
//        adapter.notifyDataSetChanged();

        View layout = getLayoutInflater().inflate(R.layout.update_layout,null);
        final EditText et_id = (EditText) layout.findViewById(R.id.et_id);
        final EditText et_username = (EditText) layout.findViewById(R.id.et_username);
        final EditText et_sex = (EditText) layout.findViewById(R.id.et_sex);
        final EditText et_age = (EditText) layout.findViewById(R.id.et_age);
        final EditText et_info = (EditText) layout.findViewById(R.id.et_info);
        Button finish = (Button) layout.findViewById(R.id.finsih);
        final AlertDialog dialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(this).setTitle("修改用户信息").setView(layout).create();
        finish.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                User user1 =new User();
                user1.id =Integer.parseInt(et_id.getText().toString()) ;
                user1.username = et_username.getText().toString();
                user1.sex = et_sex.getText().toString();
                user1.age = Integer.parseInt(et_age.getText().toString());
                user1.info = et_info.getText().toString();

                //修改
                ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
                values.put(MySQLiteOpenHelper.USER_INFO, user1.info);
                values.put(MySQLiteOpenHelper.USER_AGE, user1.age);
                values.put(MySQLiteOpenHelper.USER_SEX, user1.sex);
                values.put(MySQLiteOpenHelper.USER_USERNAME, user1.username);
                db.update(MySQLiteOpenHelper.TABLE_NAME, values, MySQLiteOpenHelper.ID + "=?", new String[]{user1.id  + ""});
                adapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
                select();
                dialog.dismiss();

            }
        });

        dialog.show();
        select();
        adapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onItemLongClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, final int position, long id) {
        //删除
        new AlertDialog.Builder(this).setTitle("警告").
                setMessage("是否删除该数据").
                setNegativeButton("取消", null).
                setPositiveButton("确定", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                User user = list.get(position);
               // db.delete(MySQLiteOpenHelper.TABLE_NAME, "id=?", new String[]{user.id + ""});
                db.delete(MySQLiteOpenHelper.TABLE_NAME, MySQLiteOpenHelper.ID + "=?", new String[]{user.id + ""});
                //刷新可以再调一次select（）方法 或用下面的方法
                list.remove(user);
                adapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
            }
        }).show();
        return true;
    }


    class User {
        int id;
        String username;
        String sex;
        int age;
        String info;
    }

    BaseAdapter adapter = new BaseAdapter() {
        @Override
        public int getCount() {
            return list.size();
        }

        @Override
        public User getItem(int position) {
            return list.get(position);
        }

        @Override
        public long getItemId(int position) {
            return position;
        }

        @Override
        public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
            ViewHolder holder;
            if (convertView == null) {
                convertView = View.inflate(getBaseContext(), R.layout.item_layout, null);
                holder = new ViewHolder(convertView);
                convertView.setTag(holder);
            }
            holder = (ViewHolder) convertView.getTag();
            User user = list.get(position);
            holder.id.setText(user.id + "");
            holder.username.setText(user.username + "");
            holder.sex.setText(user.sex + "");
            holder.age.setText(user.age + "");
            holder.info.setText(user.info + "");

            return convertView;
        }

        class ViewHolder {
            TextView id, username, sex, age, info;

            public ViewHolder(View convertView) {
                id = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.tv_id);
                username = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.tv_name);
                sex = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.tv_sex);
                age = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.tv_age);
                info = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.tv_info);
            }
        }
    };
}

MySQLiteOpenHelper

public class MySQLiteOpenHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper {
    public static final String DB_NAME = "Test.db";

    public static final String TABLE_NAME = "userInfo";

    public static final String ID = "_id";

    public static final String USER_USERNAME = "username";

    public static final String USER_SEX = "sex";

    public static final String USER_AGE = "age";

    public static final String USER_INFO = "info";

    public static final String CREATE_TABLE =  "create table " + TABLE_NAME + " (" + ID + " integer primary key autoincrement," + USER_USERNAME + " text not null," + USER_AGE + " integer," + USER_SEX + " varchar(1)," + USER_INFO + " text" + ")";

    public static final String DELETE_TABLE = "drop table if exists " + TABLE_NAME;
    //用户资料 id 用户名 性别 年龄  info

    public MySQLiteOpenHelper(Context context) {
        //上下文   数据库名称  游标工厂，版本号
        super(context, DB_NAME, null, 1);
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase db) {
        //没有数据库的时候 会回调该方法

        db.execSQL(CREATE_TABLE);

    }

    @Override
    public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase db, int oldVersion, int newVersion) {
        //升级 取数据 删除表 新建表  或是修改列
        db.execSQL(DELETE_TABLE);
        onCreate(db);
    }
}

activity_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:id="@+id/activity_main"
    android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent"
   android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context="com.example.sqlitedatabase.MainActivity">

    <Button
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="插入"
        android:onClick="insert"/>
    <Button
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="查询"
        android:onClick="select"/>

    <ListView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:id="@+id/lv"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"/>

</LinearLayout>

item_layout.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="horizontal" android:layout_width="match_parent"

    android:layout_height="match_parent">
<TextView
    android:layout_width="0dp"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:layout_weight="1"
    android:layout_margin="5dp"
    android:id="@+id/tv_id"
    android:text="id"
    android:gravity="center"
    />
    <TextView
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_weight="1"
        android:layout_margin="5dp"
        android:id="@+id/tv_name"
        android:text="username"
        android:gravity="center"
        />
    <TextView
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_weight="1"
        android:layout_margin="5dp"
        android:id="@+id/tv_sex"
        android:text="sex"
        android:gravity="center"
        />
    <TextView
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_weight="1"
        android:layout_margin="5dp"
        android:id="@+id/tv_age"
        android:text="age"
        android:gravity="center"
        />
    <TextView
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_weight="1"
        android:layout_margin="5dp"
        android:id="@+id/tv_info"
        android:text="info"
        android:gravity="center"
        />
</LinearLayout>

update_layout

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<TableLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:orientation="horizontal" android:layout_width="match_parent"

    android:padding="50dp"
    android:layout_height="match_parent">
    <TextView
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:textSize="18sp"
        android:text="需要修改的用户类容"
        android:textColor="@android:color/holo_red_dark"/>


    <TableRow>
<TextView
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:text="id："/>
        <EditText android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:id="@+id/et_id"
            android:layout_weight="1"/>
    </TableRow>
    <TableRow>
        <TextView
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="用户名："/>
        <EditText android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:id="@+id/et_username"
            android:layout_weight="1"/>
    </TableRow>
    <TableRow>
        <TextView
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="性别："/>
        <EditText android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:id="@+id/et_sex"
            android:layout_weight="1"/>
    </TableRow>
    <TableRow>
        <TextView
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="年龄："/>
        <EditText android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:id="@+id/et_age"
            android:layout_weight="1"/>
    </TableRow>
    <TableRow>
        <TextView
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="信息："/>
        <EditText android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:id="@+id/et_info"
            android:layout_weight="1"/>
    </TableRow>

    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:id="@+id/finsih"
        android:text="确定"/>
</TableLayout>