android之SharePreferences

SharePreferences

SharePreferences是以键值对的方式来存储数据的，通过context的getSharePreferences()方法，第一个参数是文件名，第二个参数是存储模式。存储完之后是通过xml文件来管理数据的。

1. 例子：xml布局，通过两个editText和两个按钮，将编辑框中的内容保存，并在下次打开的时候自动读写在editText内

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity"
    android:orientation="vertical">

   <EditText
       android:layout_width="match_parent"
       android:layout_height="wrap_content"
       android:id="@+id/userName"
       android:hint="请输入用户名"/>

    <EditText
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:id="@+id/password"
        android:hint="请输入密码"
        />

    <Button
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:id="@+id/save"
        android:text="save"/>

</LinearLayout>

2. shared工具类

package com.example.sharedpreferencesdemo;

import android.content.Context;
import android.content.SharedPreferences;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class SharedHelper {
    Context context;

    public SharedHelper(Context context) {
        this.context = context;
    }

    public void saveData(String userName,String passWord){
        SharedPreferences shared = context.getSharedPreferences("hello", Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
        SharedPreferences.Editor editor = shared.edit();
        editor.putString("userName",userName);
        editor.putString("passWord",passWord);
        editor.apply();     // apply（）方法容易忘记
    }

    public Map<String,String> readData(){
        Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();
        SharedPreferences shared = context.getSharedPreferences("hello", Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
        map.put("userName",shared.getString("userName",""));      // 通过getString或者getint等方法输入键参数取出相应的值
        map.put("passWord",shared.getString("passWord",""));
        return map;
    }
}

3. mainActivity代码

package com.example.sharedpreferencesdemo;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private EditText userNameEd;
    private EditText passWordEd;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        userNameEd = findViewById(R.id.userName);
        passWordEd = findViewById(R.id.password);
        Button button = findViewById(R.id.save);
        button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View view) {
                SharedHelper sharedHelper = new SharedHelper(getApplicationContext());
            sharedHelper.saveData(userNameEd.getText().toString(),passWordEd.getText().toString());
            }
        });
    }

    @Override
    protected void onStart() {
        super.onStart();
        SharedHelper sharedHelper = new SharedHelper(getApplicationContext());
        Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<>();
        map = sharedHelper.readData();
        userNameEd.setText(map.get("userName"));
        passWordEd.setText(map.get("passWord"));
    }
}