ThreadPoolExecutor线程的创建与销毁分析

线程池类型

• 
  
• 固定线程池(newFixedThreadPool)
  

指定固定大小线程数，如果执行的任务超过线程数，则添加至阻塞队列中，当线程池线程处理完在从队列中进行获取任务进行处理

   public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads, ThreadFactory threadFactory) {
   return new ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads,nThreads,0L,TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(),threadFactory);
    }

• 
  
• 单例线程池(newSingleThreadExecutor)
  

指定1个线程数，如果执行的任务超过线程数，则添加至阻塞队列中，当线程池线程处理完在从队列中进行获取任务进行处理

    public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor(ThreadFactory threadFactory) {
    return new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1,0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS, new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>())
    }

• 
  
• 缓存线程池(newCachedThreadPool)
  

不指定固定线程数，最大线程数为Integer.MAX_VALUE，如果执行的任务超过最大线程数，则添加至阻塞队列中，注意此处用的是SynchronousQueue，表明是如果添加一个任务必须等待处理线程取出，否则不能继续添加任务。

    public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool() {
        return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE,
                                      60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
                                      new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>());
    }

线程添加

    public void execute(Runnable command) {
        if (command == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();

        int c = ctl.get();
        //如果当前线程数小于核心线程数，则创建线程
        if (workerCountOf(c) < corePoolSize) {
            //如果创建线程失败，则进行下一步处理
            if (addWorker(command, true))
                return;
            c = ctl.get();
        }
        //判断线程池是否在运行，如果是 在试着添加任务到队列中
        if (isRunning(c) && workQueue.offer(command)) {
            int recheck = ctl.get();
            if (! isRunning(recheck) && remove(command))
                reject(command);
            else if (workerCountOf(recheck) == 0)
                addWorker(null, false);
        }//否则进行继续尝试创建新线程，如果现有线程数大于最大线程数则返回false
        else if (!addWorker(command, false))
            reject(command);
    }

    //删除了不必要的代码
    private boolean addWorker(Runnable firstTask, boolean core) {
        retry:
        for (;;) {
            int c = ctl.get();
            int rs = runStateOf(c);
            for (;;) {
                int wc = workerCountOf(c);
                //判断现有线程数是否大于最大线程数
                if (wc >= CAPACITY ||
                    wc >= (core ? corePoolSize : maximumPoolSize))
                    return false;
                if (compareAndIncrementWorkerCount(c))
                    break retry;
                c = ctl.get();  // Re-read ctl
                if (runStateOf(c) != rs)
                    continue retry;
                // else CAS failed due to workerCount change; retry inner loop
            }
        }

    }

线程启动

//删除多余代码
private boolean addWorker(Runnable firstTask, boolean core) {

        boolean workerStarted = false;
        boolean workerAdded = false;
        Worker w = null;
        try {
            final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
            //创建worker，worker本身也是一个Runnable
            w = new Worker(firstTask);
            final Thread t = w.thread;
            if (t != null) {
                mainLock.lock();
                try {
                    // Recheck while holding lock.
                    // Back out on ThreadFactory failure or if
                    // shut down before lock acquired.
                    int c = ctl.get();
                    int rs = runStateOf(c);

                    if (rs < SHUTDOWN ||
                        (rs == SHUTDOWN && firstTask == null)) {
                        if (t.isAlive()) // precheck that t is startable
                            throw new IllegalThreadStateException();
                        //添加work值workers，后面的运行数统计、关闭线程池都是基于此workers    
                        workers.add(w);
                        int s = workers.size();
                        if (s > largestPoolSize)
                            largestPoolSize = s;
                        workerAdded = true;
                    }
                } finally {
                    mainLock.unlock();
                }
                if (workerAdded) {
                    //启动
                    t.start();
                    workerStarted = true;
                }
            }
        } finally {
            if (! workerStarted)
                addWorkerFailed(w);
        }
        return workerStarted;
    }

线程执行任务

当启动线程后，会调用runWorker进行任务的执行，如果当前任务执行完成，则从阻塞队列中进行获取

final void runWorker(Worker w) {
        Thread wt = Thread.currentThread();
        Runnable task = w.firstTask;
        w.firstTask = null;
        w.unlock(); // allow interrupts
        boolean completedAbruptly = true;
        try {
            //先判断当前任务是否不为空，如果不为空则进行当前任务，否则调动getTask()方法，从队列中获取任务
            while (task != null || (task = getTask()) != null) {
                //进行标记表示正在有任务执行，如果这会进行调用shutdown()方法，会判断标记，否则进行中断线程。
                w.lock();
                // If pool is stopping, ensure thread is interrupted;
                // if not, ensure thread is not interrupted.  This
                // requires a recheck in second case to deal with
                // shutdownNow race while clearing interrupt
                //如果调用shutdownNow()方法设置stop标记，并且当前线程还未中断，则当前线程自己中断，否则在进行一次判断
                if ((runStateAtLeast(ctl.get(), STOP) ||
                     (Thread.interrupted() &&
                      runStateAtLeast(ctl.get(), STOP))) &&
                    !wt.isInterrupted())
                    wt.interrupt();
                try {
                   //前处理
                    beforeExecute(wt, task);
                    Throwable thrown = null;
                    try {
                       //执行任务
                        task.run();
                    } catch (RuntimeException x) {
                        thrown = x; throw x;
                    } catch (Error x) {
                        thrown = x; throw x;
                    } catch (Throwable x) {
                        thrown = x; throw new Error(x);
                    } finally {
                       //后处理
                        afterExecute(task, thrown);
                    }
                } finally {
                    task = null;
                    //记录执行完任务数量
                    w.completedTasks++;
                    //取消正在执行标记
                    w.unlock();
                }
            }
            completedAbruptly = false;
        } finally {
            //线程退出，这步只有调用shutdown（）、shutdownNow（）才会执行，否则会在getTask()任务阻塞。
            processWorkerExit(w, completedAbruptly);
        }
    }

线程池伸缩

private Runnable getTask() {
        boolean timedOut = false; // Did the last poll() time out?

        retry:
        for (;;) {
            int c = ctl.get();
            int rs = runStateOf(c);

            // Check if queue empty only if necessary.
            if (rs >= SHUTDOWN && (rs >= STOP || workQueue.isEmpty())) {
                decrementWorkerCount();
                return null;
            }

            boolean timed;      // Are workers subject to culling?

            for (;;) {
                int wc = workerCountOf(c);
                timed = allowCoreThreadTimeOut || wc > corePoolSize;
                if (wc <= maximumPoolSize && ! (timedOut && timed))
                    break;
                //如果当前线程数大于核心线程数或者设置核心线程数容许超时，那么对现有线程池的线程进行回收
                if (compareAndDecrementWorkerCount(c))
                    return null;
                c = ctl.get();  // Re-read ctl
                if (runStateOf(c) != rs)
                    continue retry;
                // else CAS failed due to workerCount change; retry inner loop
            }

            try {
                Runnable r = timed ?
                    workQueue.poll(keepAliveTime, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS) :
                    workQueue.take();
                if (r != null)
                    return r;
                timedOut = true;
            } catch (InterruptedException retry) {
                timedOut = false;
            }
        }
    }

线程池销毁

停止线程池

等正在进行任务执行完，进行停止

    public void shutdown() {
        final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
        mainLock.lock();
        try {
            checkShutdownAccess();
            //设置状态
            advanceRunState(SHUTDOWN);
            //遍历所有未执行任务的线程，对其设置中断
            interruptIdleWorkers();
            onShutdown(); // hook for ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor
        } finally {
            mainLock.unlock();
        }
        //在此判断所有任务都已退出，如果退出则设置标记 “TERMINATED”
        tryTerminate();
    }

立即停止线程池

不用等待正在进行任务执行完，立即停止

public List<Runnable> shutdownNow() {
        List<Runnable> tasks;
        final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
        mainLock.lock();
        try {
            checkShutdownAccess();
             //设置状态STOP状态
            advanceRunState(STOP);
            ////遍历所有任务的线程(包括正在执行任务的线程)，对其设置中断
            interruptWorkers();
            //返回等待执行的任务列表
            tasks = drainQueue();
        } finally {
            mainLock.unlock();
        }
         //在此判断所有任务都已退出，如果退出则设置标记 “TERMINATED”
        tryTerminate();
        return tasks;
    }

     private List<Runnable> drainQueue() {
        BlockingQueue<Runnable> q = workQueue;
        List<Runnable> taskList = new ArrayList<Runnable>();
        //尝试把队列中任务移动taskList
        q.drainTo(taskList);
        //这一步判断主要针对DelayQueue，因为drainTo只返回到期的任务，所以需要单独处理
        if (!q.isEmpty()) {
            for (Runnable r : q.toArray(new Runnable[0])) {
                if (q.remove(r))
                    taskList.add(r);
            }
        }
        return taskList;
    }