线程池类型
- 固定线程池(newFixedThreadPool)
指定固定大小线程数,如果执行的任务超过线程数,则添加至阻塞队列中,当线程池线程处理完在从队列中进行获取任务进行处理
public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads, ThreadFactory threadFactory) {
return new ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads,nThreads,0L,TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(),threadFactory);
}
- 单例线程池(newSingleThreadExecutor)
指定1个线程数,如果执行的任务超过线程数,则添加至阻塞队列中,当线程池线程处理完在从队列中进行获取任务进行处理
public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor(ThreadFactory threadFactory) {
return new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1,0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS, new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>())
}
- 缓存线程池(newCachedThreadPool)
不指定固定线程数,最大线程数为Integer.MAX_VALUE,如果执行的任务超过最大线程数,则添加至阻塞队列中,注意此处用的是SynchronousQueue,表明是如果添加一个任务必须等待处理线程取出,否则不能继续添加任务。
public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool() {
return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE,
60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>());
}
线程添加
public void execute(Runnable command) {
if (command == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
int c = ctl.get();
//如果当前线程数小于核心线程数,则创建线程
if (workerCountOf(c) < corePoolSize) {
//如果创建线程失败,则进行下一步处理
if (addWorker(command, true))
return;
c = ctl.get();
}
//判断线程池是否在运行,如果是 在试着添加任务到队列中
if (isRunning(c) && workQueue.offer(command)) {
int recheck = ctl.get();
if (! isRunning(recheck) && remove(command))
reject(command);
else if (workerCountOf(recheck) == 0)
addWorker(null, false);
}//否则进行继续尝试创建新线程,如果现有线程数大于最大线程数则返回false
else if (!addWorker(command, false))
reject(command);
}
//删除了不必要的代码
private boolean addWorker(Runnable firstTask, boolean core) {
retry:
for (;;) {
int c = ctl.get();
int rs = runStateOf(c);
for (;;) {
int wc = workerCountOf(c);
//判断现有线程数是否大于最大线程数
if (wc >= CAPACITY ||
wc >= (core ? corePoolSize : maximumPoolSize))
return false;
if (compareAndIncrementWorkerCount(c))
break retry;
c = ctl.get(); // Re-read ctl
if (runStateOf(c) != rs)
continue retry;
// else CAS failed due to workerCount change; retry inner loop
}
}
}
线程启动
//删除多余代码
private boolean addWorker(Runnable firstTask, boolean core) {
boolean workerStarted = false;
boolean workerAdded = false;
Worker w = null;
try {
final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
//创建worker,worker本身也是一个Runnable
w = new Worker(firstTask);
final Thread t = w.thread;
if (t != null) {
mainLock.lock();
try {
// Recheck while holding lock.
// Back out on ThreadFactory failure or if
// shut down before lock acquired.
int c = ctl.get();
int rs = runStateOf(c);
if (rs < SHUTDOWN ||
(rs == SHUTDOWN && firstTask == null)) {
if (t.isAlive()) // precheck that t is startable
throw new IllegalThreadStateException();
//添加work值workers,后面的运行数统计、关闭线程池都是基于此workers
workers.add(w);
int s = workers.size();
if (s > largestPoolSize)
largestPoolSize = s;
workerAdded = true;
}
} finally {
mainLock.unlock();
}
if (workerAdded) {
//启动
t.start();
workerStarted = true;
}
}
} finally {
if (! workerStarted)
addWorkerFailed(w);
}
return workerStarted;
}
线程执行任务
当启动线程后,会调用runWorker进行任务的执行,如果当前任务执行完成,则从阻塞队列中进行获取
final void runWorker(Worker w) {
Thread wt = Thread.currentThread();
Runnable task = w.firstTask;
w.firstTask = null;
w.unlock(); // allow interrupts
boolean completedAbruptly = true;
try {
//先判断当前任务是否不为空,如果不为空则进行当前任务,否则调动getTask()方法,从队列中获取任务
while (task != null || (task = getTask()) != null) {
//进行标记表示正在有任务执行,如果这会进行调用shutdown()方法,会判断标记,否则进行中断线程。
w.lock();
// If pool is stopping, ensure thread is interrupted;
// if not, ensure thread is not interrupted. This
// requires a recheck in second case to deal with
// shutdownNow race while clearing interrupt
//如果调用shutdownNow()方法设置stop标记,并且当前线程还未中断,则当前线程自己中断,否则在进行一次判断
if ((runStateAtLeast(ctl.get(), STOP) ||
(Thread.interrupted() &&
runStateAtLeast(ctl.get(), STOP))) &&
!wt.isInterrupted())
wt.interrupt();
try {
//前处理
beforeExecute(wt, task);
Throwable thrown = null;
try {
//执行任务
task.run();
} catch (RuntimeException x) {
thrown = x; throw x;
} catch (Error x) {
thrown = x; throw x;
} catch (Throwable x) {
thrown = x; throw new Error(x);
} finally {
//后处理
afterExecute(task, thrown);
}
} finally {
task = null;
//记录执行完任务数量
w.completedTasks++;
//取消正在执行标记
w.unlock();
}
}
completedAbruptly = false;
} finally {
//线程退出,这步只有调用shutdown()、shutdownNow()才会执行,否则会在getTask()任务阻塞。
processWorkerExit(w, completedAbruptly);
}
}
线程池伸缩
private Runnable getTask() {
boolean timedOut = false; // Did the last poll() time out?
retry:
for (;;) {
int c = ctl.get();
int rs = runStateOf(c);
// Check if queue empty only if necessary.
if (rs >= SHUTDOWN && (rs >= STOP || workQueue.isEmpty())) {
decrementWorkerCount();
return null;
}
boolean timed; // Are workers subject to culling?
for (;;) {
int wc = workerCountOf(c);
timed = allowCoreThreadTimeOut || wc > corePoolSize;
if (wc <= maximumPoolSize && ! (timedOut && timed))
break;
//如果当前线程数大于核心线程数或者设置核心线程数容许超时,那么对现有线程池的线程进行回收
if (compareAndDecrementWorkerCount(c))
return null;
c = ctl.get(); // Re-read ctl
if (runStateOf(c) != rs)
continue retry;
// else CAS failed due to workerCount change; retry inner loop
}
try {
Runnable r = timed ?
workQueue.poll(keepAliveTime, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS) :
workQueue.take();
if (r != null)
return r;
timedOut = true;
} catch (InterruptedException retry) {
timedOut = false;
}
}
}
线程池销毁
停止线程池
等正在进行任务执行完,进行停止
public void shutdown() {
final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
mainLock.lock();
try {
checkShutdownAccess();
//设置状态
advanceRunState(SHUTDOWN);
//遍历所有未执行任务的线程,对其设置中断
interruptIdleWorkers();
onShutdown(); // hook for ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor
} finally {
mainLock.unlock();
}
//在此判断所有任务都已退出,如果退出则设置标记 “TERMINATED”
tryTerminate();
}
立即停止线程池
不用等待正在进行任务执行完,立即停止
public List<Runnable> shutdownNow() {
List<Runnable> tasks;
final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
mainLock.lock();
try {
checkShutdownAccess();
//设置状态STOP状态
advanceRunState(STOP);
////遍历所有任务的线程(包括正在执行任务的线程),对其设置中断
interruptWorkers();
//返回等待执行的任务列表
tasks = drainQueue();
} finally {
mainLock.unlock();
}
//在此判断所有任务都已退出,如果退出则设置标记 “TERMINATED”
tryTerminate();
return tasks;
}
private List<Runnable> drainQueue() {
BlockingQueue<Runnable> q = workQueue;
List<Runnable> taskList = new ArrayList<Runnable>();
//尝试把队列中任务移动taskList
q.drainTo(taskList);
//这一步判断主要针对DelayQueue,因为drainTo只返回到期的任务,所以需要单独处理
if (!q.isEmpty()) {
for (Runnable r : q.toArray(new Runnable[0])) {
if (q.remove(r))
taskList.add(r);
}
}
return taskList;
}