两者的内部结构都是用的是平衡二叉树,区别在于multimap允许重复元素而map不允许。
map和multimap**根据元素的key**自动对元素进行排序,要修改元素的key必须先删除拥有该key的元素,然后插入拥有新的key/value的元素
常用函数:
(1)构造函数和析构函数
(2)大小判空函数
(3)增加删除函数(注意insert一般用pair)mymap.insert(it,pair
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
map<char, int> mymap;
mymap.insert(pair<char, int>('a', 10));
mymap.insert(pair<char, int>('z', 200));
pair<map<char, int>::iterator, bool> ret;
ret = mymap.insert(pair<char, int>('z', 500));
if (ret.second == false)
{
cout << "element 'z' already existed";
cout << "with a value of " << ret.first->second << '\n';
}
map<char, int>::iterator it = mymap.begin();
mymap.insert(it, pair<char, int>('b', 300));
mymap.insert(it, pair<char, int>('c', 400));
map<char, int> anothermap;
anothermap.insert(mymap.begin(), mymap.find('c'));
cout << "mymap contains :\n";
for (it = mymap.begin(); it != mymap.end(); it++)
{
cout << it->first << "=>" << it->second << '\n';
}
cout << "anothermap contains :\n";
for (it = anothermap.begin(); it != anothermap.end(); it++)
{
cout << it->first << "=>" << it->second << '\n';
}
return 0;
}
关于删除函数的应用
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
map<char, int> mymap;
map<char, int>::iterator it;
mymap['a'] = 10;
mymap['b'] = 20;
mymap['c'] = 30;
mymap['d'] = 40;
mymap['e'] = 50;
mymap.insert(pair<char, int>('f', 60));
cout << "initial mymap contains :\n";
for (it = mymap.begin(); it != mymap.end(); it++)
{
cout << it->first << "=>" << it->second << '\n';
}
it = mymap.find('b');
mymap.erase(it);
mymap.erase('c');
it = mymap.find('e');
mymap.erase(it, mymap.end());
//删除的是it到end()之间的元素
cout << "now mymap contains :\n";
for (it = mymap.begin(); it != mymap.end(); it++)
{
cout << it->first << "=>" << it->second << '\n';
}
return 0;
}
如果想往map/multimap中修改一个映射的值,应先插入一个新映射,再把与修改的映射删除
4.遍历函数
5.操作函数
const_iterator lower_bound(const Key& key);//返回键值小于等于key的迭代器指针
6.特殊函数
reference operator[](const Key& k);仅在单映射map类中,可以以数组的形式给映射添加键值对,并可返回值的引用
实例:
map<char, int> mymap;
mymap['a'] = 10;
mymap['b'] = 20;
mymap['c'] = 30;
mymap['d'] = 40;