使用do...while循环简化程序

写Java小程序已有快10年了,一直觉得do...while循环语句没什么用,今天有了新发现:可以使用do...while简化程序。

简化前:根据业务需求,一些操作在整个程序中需至少执行一次,于是将这部分代码放在了while循环体之前。但这部分代码和循环体内重复执行的代码基本相同

简化后:使用do...while循环,将需至少执行一次的代码放到循环体内,无需单独列出。

 

简化的优点:程序更为简洁(代码行数明显减少,便于后期维护)

不简化的优点:可将循环体外的代码作为程序初始化的division(一部分),可作一些定制,以区别于循环体内的部分

 

简化前代码(共94行):

//Java how to program, 10th edition, Exercise 4.17
//by Pandenghuang@163.com
/** 
*问题陈述:
*(Gas Mileage) Drivers are concerned with the mileage their automobiles get. One driver has
*kept track of several trips by recording the miles driven and gallons used for each tankful. Develop
*a Java application that will input the miles driven and gallons used (both as integers) for each trip.
*The program should calculate and display the miles per gallon obtained for each trip and print the
*combined miles per gallon obtained for all trips up to this point. All averaging calculations should
*produce floating-point results. Use class Scanner and sentinel-controlled repetition to obtain the
*data from the user.
*/
import java.util.*;


public class GasMileage
{
	public static void main(String[] args) 
	{
		Scanner input=new Scanner(System.in);


		int miles=0;
		int gallons=0;
		int milesTotal=0;
		int gallonsTotal=0;
		int inputTimes=1;
		int validInputTimes=0;
		
		System.out.printf("开始第%d次输入\n",inputTimes);
		System.out.print("请输入行驶里程(输入-1结束输入):");
		miles=input.nextInt();
		if (miles==-1)
		{
			System.out.println("您没有输入足够的有效数据。");
			return;
		}
		System.out.println("本次行驶里程为:"+miles);
		milesTotal+=miles;
		
		System.out.print("请输入油耗(输入-1退出程序):");
		gallons=input.nextInt();
		if (gallons==-1)
		{
			System.out.println("您没有输入足够的有效数据。");
			return;
		}
		System.out.println("本次油耗为:"+gallons+"加仑");
		gallonsTotal+=gallons;
		System.out.printf("本次行程每加仑行驶里程为:%.2f\n\n",(double)miles/gallons);
		++inputTimes;
		++validInputTimes;
		
		while (miles!=-1 && gallons!=-1)
		{
			System.out.printf("开始第%d次输入\n",inputTimes);
			System.out.print("请输入行驶里程(输入-1结束输入):");
			miles=input.nextInt();
			if (miles!=-1)
			{
				System.out.println("本次行驶里程为:"+miles);
				System.out.println("请输入油耗(输入-1退出程序):");
				gallons=input.nextInt();
				if (gallons!=-1)
				{
					System.out.println("本次行程油耗为:"+gallons+"加仑");
					milesTotal+=miles;
					gallonsTotal+=gallons;
					++inputTimes;
					++validInputTimes;
					System.out.printf("本次行程每加仑行驶里程为:%.2f\n\n",(double)miles/gallons);
				}
				else
				{
					System.out.println("\n\n您已结束数据输入。");
					break;
				}
				
			}
			else
			{	
				System.out.println("\n\n您已结束数据输入。");
				break;
			}


			
		}


		System.out.print("\n*******************************************************************\n");
		System.out.printf("您总共输入了%d组有效数据\n",validInputTimes);
		System.out.printf("您的行驶总里程为:%d 公里,总油耗为:%d 加仑\n",milesTotal,gallonsTotal);
		System.out.printf("平均每加仑行驶里程为:%.2f\n",(double)milesTotal/gallonsTotal);
		System.out.print("*******************************************************************\n\n\n");
	
	}
}

 

简化后代码(共75行代码,减少近20行代码):

package example;

//Java how to program, 10th edition, Exercise 4.17
//by Pandenghuang@163.com
/** 
*问题陈述:
*(Gas Mileage) Drivers are concerned with the mileage their automobiles get. One driver has
*kept track of several trips by recording the miles driven and gallons used for each tankful. Develop
*a Java application that will input the miles driven and gallons used (both as integers) for each trip.
*The program should calculate and display the miles per gallon obtained for each trip and print the
*combined miles per gallon obtained for all trips up to this point. All averaging calculations should
*produce floating-point results. Use class Scanner and sentinel-controlled repetition to obtain the
*data from the user.
*/
import java.util.*;


public class GasMileage
{
	public static void main(String[] args) 
	{
		Scanner input=new Scanner(System.in);


		int miles=0;
		int gallons=0;
		int milesTotal=0;
		int gallonsTotal=0;
		int inputTimes=1;
		int validInputTimes=0;
		
		do
		{
			System.out.printf("开始第%d次输入\n",inputTimes);
			System.out.print("请输入行驶里程(输入-1结束输入):");
			miles=input.nextInt();
			if (miles!=-1)
			{
				System.out.println("本次行驶里程为:"+miles);
				System.out.println("请输入油耗(输入-1退出程序):");
				gallons=input.nextInt();
				if (gallons!=-1)
				{
					System.out.println("本次行程油耗为:"+gallons+"加仑");
					milesTotal+=miles;
					gallonsTotal+=gallons;
					++inputTimes;
					++validInputTimes;
					System.out.printf("本次行程每加仑行驶里程为:%.2f\n\n",(double)miles/gallons);
				}
				else
				{
					System.out.println("\n\n您已结束数据输入。");
					break;
				}
				
			}
			else
			{	
				System.out.println("\n\n您已结束数据输入。");
				break;
			}


			
		} while (miles!=-1 && gallons!=-1);


		System.out.print("\n*******************************************************************\n");
		System.out.printf("您总共输入了%d组有效数据\n",validInputTimes);
		System.out.printf("您的行驶总里程为:%d 公里,总油耗为:%d 加仑\n",milesTotal,gallonsTotal);
		System.out.printf("平均每加仑行驶里程为:%.2f\n",(double)milesTotal/gallonsTotal);
		System.out.print("*******************************************************************\n\n\n");
	
	}
}

 

简化后运行结果(代码行数减少了,但依然很健壮:-D):

Test round 1:

开始第1次输入
请输入行驶里程(输入-1结束输入):100
本次行驶里程为:100
请输入油耗(输入-1退出程序):
-1


您已结束数据输入。

*******************************************************************
您总共输入了0组有效数据
您的行驶总里程为:0 公里,总油耗为:0 加仑
平均每加仑行驶里程为:NaN
*******************************************************************

Test round 2:

开始第1次输入
请输入行驶里程(输入-1结束输入):100
本次行驶里程为:100
请输入油耗(输入-1退出程序):
20
本次行程油耗为:20加仑
本次行程每加仑行驶里程为:5.00

开始第2次输入
请输入行驶里程(输入-1结束输入):200
本次行驶里程为:200
请输入油耗(输入-1退出程序):
40
本次行程油耗为:40加仑
本次行程每加仑行驶里程为:5.00

开始第3次输入
请输入行驶里程(输入-1结束输入):10
本次行驶里程为:10
请输入油耗(输入-1退出程序):
-1


您已结束数据输入。

*******************************************************************
您总共输入了2组有效数据
您的行驶总里程为:300 公里,总油耗为:60 加仑
平均每加仑行驶里程为:5.00
*******************************************************************

 

 

 



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