写Java小程序已有快10年了,一直觉得do...while循环语句没什么用,今天有了新发现:可以使用do...while简化程序。
简化前:根据业务需求,一些操作在整个程序中需至少执行一次,于是将这部分代码放在了while循环体之前。但这部分代码和循环体内重复执行的代码基本相同
简化后:使用do...while循环,将需至少执行一次的代码放到循环体内,无需单独列出。
简化的优点:程序更为简洁(代码行数明显减少,便于后期维护)
不简化的优点:可将循环体外的代码作为程序初始化的division(一部分),可作一些定制,以区别于循环体内的部分
简化前代码(共94行):
//Java how to program, 10th edition, Exercise 4.17
//by Pandenghuang@163.com
/**
*问题陈述:
*(Gas Mileage) Drivers are concerned with the mileage their automobiles get. One driver has
*kept track of several trips by recording the miles driven and gallons used for each tankful. Develop
*a Java application that will input the miles driven and gallons used (both as integers) for each trip.
*The program should calculate and display the miles per gallon obtained for each trip and print the
*combined miles per gallon obtained for all trips up to this point. All averaging calculations should
*produce floating-point results. Use class Scanner and sentinel-controlled repetition to obtain the
*data from the user.
*/
import java.util.*;
public class GasMileage
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Scanner input=new Scanner(System.in);
int miles=0;
int gallons=0;
int milesTotal=0;
int gallonsTotal=0;
int inputTimes=1;
int validInputTimes=0;
System.out.printf("开始第%d次输入\n",inputTimes);
System.out.print("请输入行驶里程(输入-1结束输入):");
miles=input.nextInt();
if (miles==-1)
{
System.out.println("您没有输入足够的有效数据。");
return;
}
System.out.println("本次行驶里程为:"+miles);
milesTotal+=miles;
System.out.print("请输入油耗(输入-1退出程序):");
gallons=input.nextInt();
if (gallons==-1)
{
System.out.println("您没有输入足够的有效数据。");
return;
}
System.out.println("本次油耗为:"+gallons+"加仑");
gallonsTotal+=gallons;
System.out.printf("本次行程每加仑行驶里程为:%.2f\n\n",(double)miles/gallons);
++inputTimes;
++validInputTimes;
while (miles!=-1 && gallons!=-1)
{
System.out.printf("开始第%d次输入\n",inputTimes);
System.out.print("请输入行驶里程(输入-1结束输入):");
miles=input.nextInt();
if (miles!=-1)
{
System.out.println("本次行驶里程为:"+miles);
System.out.println("请输入油耗(输入-1退出程序):");
gallons=input.nextInt();
if (gallons!=-1)
{
System.out.println("本次行程油耗为:"+gallons+"加仑");
milesTotal+=miles;
gallonsTotal+=gallons;
++inputTimes;
++validInputTimes;
System.out.printf("本次行程每加仑行驶里程为:%.2f\n\n",(double)miles/gallons);
}
else
{
System.out.println("\n\n您已结束数据输入。");
break;
}
}
else
{
System.out.println("\n\n您已结束数据输入。");
break;
}
}
System.out.print("\n*******************************************************************\n");
System.out.printf("您总共输入了%d组有效数据\n",validInputTimes);
System.out.printf("您的行驶总里程为:%d 公里,总油耗为:%d 加仑\n",milesTotal,gallonsTotal);
System.out.printf("平均每加仑行驶里程为:%.2f\n",(double)milesTotal/gallonsTotal);
System.out.print("*******************************************************************\n\n\n");
}
}
简化后代码(共75行代码,减少近20行代码):
package example;
//Java how to program, 10th edition, Exercise 4.17
//by Pandenghuang@163.com
/**
*问题陈述:
*(Gas Mileage) Drivers are concerned with the mileage their automobiles get. One driver has
*kept track of several trips by recording the miles driven and gallons used for each tankful. Develop
*a Java application that will input the miles driven and gallons used (both as integers) for each trip.
*The program should calculate and display the miles per gallon obtained for each trip and print the
*combined miles per gallon obtained for all trips up to this point. All averaging calculations should
*produce floating-point results. Use class Scanner and sentinel-controlled repetition to obtain the
*data from the user.
*/
import java.util.*;
public class GasMileage
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Scanner input=new Scanner(System.in);
int miles=0;
int gallons=0;
int milesTotal=0;
int gallonsTotal=0;
int inputTimes=1;
int validInputTimes=0;
do
{
System.out.printf("开始第%d次输入\n",inputTimes);
System.out.print("请输入行驶里程(输入-1结束输入):");
miles=input.nextInt();
if (miles!=-1)
{
System.out.println("本次行驶里程为:"+miles);
System.out.println("请输入油耗(输入-1退出程序):");
gallons=input.nextInt();
if (gallons!=-1)
{
System.out.println("本次行程油耗为:"+gallons+"加仑");
milesTotal+=miles;
gallonsTotal+=gallons;
++inputTimes;
++validInputTimes;
System.out.printf("本次行程每加仑行驶里程为:%.2f\n\n",(double)miles/gallons);
}
else
{
System.out.println("\n\n您已结束数据输入。");
break;
}
}
else
{
System.out.println("\n\n您已结束数据输入。");
break;
}
} while (miles!=-1 && gallons!=-1);
System.out.print("\n*******************************************************************\n");
System.out.printf("您总共输入了%d组有效数据\n",validInputTimes);
System.out.printf("您的行驶总里程为:%d 公里,总油耗为:%d 加仑\n",milesTotal,gallonsTotal);
System.out.printf("平均每加仑行驶里程为:%.2f\n",(double)milesTotal/gallonsTotal);
System.out.print("*******************************************************************\n\n\n");
}
}
简化后运行结果(代码行数减少了,但依然很健壮:-D):
Test round 1:
开始第1次输入
请输入行驶里程(输入-1结束输入):100
本次行驶里程为:100
请输入油耗(输入-1退出程序):
-1
您已结束数据输入。
*******************************************************************
您总共输入了0组有效数据
您的行驶总里程为:0 公里,总油耗为:0 加仑
平均每加仑行驶里程为:NaN
*******************************************************************
Test round 2:
开始第1次输入
请输入行驶里程(输入-1结束输入):100
本次行驶里程为:100
请输入油耗(输入-1退出程序):
20
本次行程油耗为:20加仑
本次行程每加仑行驶里程为:5.00
开始第2次输入
请输入行驶里程(输入-1结束输入):200
本次行驶里程为:200
请输入油耗(输入-1退出程序):
40
本次行程油耗为:40加仑
本次行程每加仑行驶里程为:5.00
开始第3次输入
请输入行驶里程(输入-1结束输入):10
本次行驶里程为:10
请输入油耗(输入-1退出程序):
-1
您已结束数据输入。
*******************************************************************
您总共输入了2组有效数据
您的行驶总里程为:300 公里,总油耗为:60 加仑
平均每加仑行驶里程为:5.00
*******************************************************************