LeetCode 374. Guess Number Higher or Lower

题目链接： https://leetcode.com/problems/guess-number-higher-or-lower/

We are playing the Guess Game. The game is as follows:

I pick a number from 1 to n. You have to guess which number I picked.

Every time you guess wrong, I'll tell you whether the number is higher or lower.

You call a pre-defined API guess(int num) which returns 3 possible results (-1, 1, or 0):

-1 : My number is lower
 1 : My number is higher
 0 : Congrats! You got it!

Example:

n = 10, I pick 6.

Return 6.

解题思路：把题目看懂后就知道是用二分法查找，但是需要考虑到上下边界问题。

代码：

1. 同时考虑上下边界：

<span style="white-space:pre">	</span>int start = 1;
        int end = n;
        int mid = end - (end - start)/2;
        int tmp = guess(mid);
        while(tmp!=0){
            if(tmp == 1){
                start = mid;
                mid = end - (end - start)/2;
            }else{
                end = mid;
                mid = start + (end - start)/2;
            }
            tmp = guess(mid);
        }
        return mid;

这里的 mid = end - (end - start)/2 考虑上边界，mid = start + (end - start)/2 考虑下边界。

2. 也可以将上边界或者下边界固定：

<span style="font-size:18px;"> <span style="white-space:pre">	</span>if(guess(1) == 0) return 1;
        int start = 1;
        int end = n;
        int mid = end - (end - start)/2;
        int tmp = guess(mid);
        while(tmp!=0){
            if(tmp == 1){
                start = mid;
            }else{
                end = mid;
            }
            mid = end - (end - start)/2;
            tmp = guess(mid);
        }
        return mid;</span>

或者

<span style="font-size:18px;">  <span style="white-space:pre">	</span>if(guess(n) == 0) return n;
        int start = 1;
        int end = n;
        int mid = start + (end - start)/2;
        int tmp = guess(mid);
        while(tmp!=0){
            if(tmp == 1){
                start = mid;
            }else{
                end = mid;
            }
            mid = start + (end - start)/2;
            tmp = guess(mid);
        }
        return mid;</span>

注意点：

1. 不可以表示为 mid = (start + end)/2, 否则start+end值过大会导致int溢出。 

2. 也不可以表示为 mid = start/2 + end/2，因为当start = end = 1时，mid 会变为0。