Hibernate一对多示例

代码结构和使用的jar包

 

Employee.java(省略get set方法)

package com.orange.demo;
/**
 * 员工实体
 * 员工和部门的关系是多对一
 */
public class Employee {
	private Integer employeeId;
	private String employeeName;
	private Department department;

}

Department(省略get set方法)

package com.orange.demo;

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
/**
 * 部门实体
 * 部门和员工的关系是一对多 
 */
public class Department {
	private Integer departmentId;
	private String departmentName;
	private Set<Employee> employee = new HashSet<Employee>();
}

Department.hbm.xml（部门类映射文件）

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
        "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping package="com.orange.demo">
	
	<class name="Department" table="t_department">
		<id name="departmentId" column="departmentId">
			<generator class="native"></generator>
		</id>
		<property name="departmentName" column="departmentName" type="string"></property>
		
		<!-- 
		部门和员工是一对多关系
		inverse属性:默认为false，表示本方维护关联关系。如果为true，表示本方不维护关联关系。
		 cascade=delete 删除部门时，同时将该部门的所有员工也删除，和inverse属性无关-->
		<set name="employee" inverse="false" cascade="delete">
		 	<!-- 指定需要关联的列 -->
			<key column="departmentId"></key>
			<!--需要关联的表(类) -->
			<one-to-many class="Employee"/>
		</set>
	</class>
	
</hibernate-mapping>

Employee.hbm.xml（员工类映射文件）

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
        "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping package="com.orange.demo">
	
	<class name="Employee" table="t_employee">
		<id name="employeeId" column="employeeId">
			<generator class="native"></generator>
		</id>
		<property name="employeeName" column="employeeName" type="string"></property>
		
		<!--相对于员工这一端是 多对一 -->
		<many-to-one name="department" class="Department" column="departmentId"></many-to-one>
	</class>
	
</hibernate-mapping>

Test.java

package com.orange.demo;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;

public class Test {
	
	private static SessionFactory sessionFactory = null;
	static{
		Configuration cfg = new Configuration();
		cfg.configure("hibernate.cfg.xml");		//在src目录下
		sessionFactory = cfg.buildSessionFactory();
	}
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		try {
			save();
			testGet();
//			delete();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}


	public static void save() throws Exception {
		Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
		Transaction tx =  session.beginTransaction();
		Department department1 = new Department();
		department1.setDepartmentName("开发部");
		Department department2 = new Department();
		department2.setDepartmentName("测试部");
		
		Employee employee1 = new Employee();
		employee1.setEmployeeName("大橙子");
		Employee employee2 = new Employee();
		employee2.setEmployeeName("二橙子");
		Employee employee3 = new Employee();
		employee3.setEmployeeName("小王");
		
		
		//为员工添加部门
		employee1.setDepartment(department1);
		employee2.setDepartment(department1);
		employee3.setDepartment(department2);
		
		/*//开发部增加两名员工，大橙子和二橙子
		department1.getEmployee().add(employee1);
		department1.getEmployee().add(employee2);
		//测试部增加一名员工，小王
		department2.getEmployee().add(employee3);*/
		
		session.save(department1);	//需要被依赖的放在前面保存这里是员工需要依赖部门
		session.save(department2);
		session.save(employee1);
		session.save(employee2);
		session.save(employee3);
		
		tx.commit();
		session.close();
	
	}

	public static void testGet() throws Exception {
		Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();

		// 获取部门，并显示所有员工
		System.out.println("---------------------通过部门找员工-----------------------");
		Department department = (Department) session.get(Department.class, 1);
		System.out.println(department.getDepartmentName()+"有"+department.getEmployee().size()+"员工");
		System.out.println(department.getEmployee());//得到的是Employee的set集合，遍历可取出所有员工信息
		
		//获取员工，并显示所在部门
		System.out.println("---------------------通过员工找部门-----------------------");
		Employee employees = (Employee) session.get(Employee.class, 1);
		System.out.println(employees.getEmployeeName()+"在"+employees.getDepartment().getDepartmentName());
		
		session.close();
	}
	
	
	public static void delete() throws Exception{
		Session session = sessionFactory.openSession();
		Transaction tx =  session.beginTransaction();
		// 删除部门 inverse="true" 如果该部门有员工不能删除，没有才能删除
		//inverse="false" 可以删除 ，删除部门后会将员工所属部门设为null
		Department department = (Department) session.get(Department.class, 15);
		session.delete(department);
		tx.commit();
		session.close();
	}
}

员工和关系选择一种方法即可，结果都是一样的

employee1.setDepartment(department1);
employee2.setDepartment(department1);
employee3.setDepartment(department2);

或者：

department1.getEmployee().add(employee1);
department1.getEmployee().add(employee2);
department2.getEmployee().add(employee3);
删除部门时，这个部门可能会有员工，当inverse=true时，部门不能被删除，只有先将这个部门的员工删除后才能被删除，或者将依赖关系设置成null。

如果设置inverse=false，部门可以被删除 ，删除部门后会将该部门员工部门id设置成null

如果 Department.hbm.xml 中设置cascade="delete" （级联删除）那么删除部门时会将该部门的所有员工删除

hibernate.cfg.xml

<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
	"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
	"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-configuration>
	<session-factory name="foo">
			<!-- 数据库方言 --> 
		<property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
		<property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/t1?characterEncoding=UTF-8</property>
		<property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
		<property name="connection.username">root</property>
		<property name="hibernate.connection.password">123456</property>
		<!-- 在控制台打印SQL，但不能打印建表语句 -->
		<property name="hibernate.show_sql">true</property>
		<!-- 打印SQL是否格式化 false：不格式化 -->
		<property name="hibernate.format_sql">false</property>
		<!--自动更新数据库结构 -->
		<property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>
		
		<mapping resource="com/orange/demo/Department.hbm.xml"/>
		<mapping resource="com/orange/demo/Employee.hbm.xml"/>
	
	</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>