- 来源: 点击打开链接
-
strtok
函数原型:char *strtok(char *s, const char *delim);
char *strsep(char **s, const char *delim);
功能:strtok和strsep两个函数的功能都是用来分解字符串为一组字符串。s为要分解的字符串,delim为分隔符字符串。
返回值:从s开头开始的一个个子串,当没有分割的子串时返回NULL。
相同点:两者都会改变源字符串,想要避免,可以使用strdupa(由allocate函数实现)或strdup(由malloc函数实现)。
strtok函数第一次调用时会把s字符串中所有在delim中出现的字符替换为NULL。然后通过依次调用strtok(NULL, delim)得到各部分子串。
测试代码:
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <string.h>
- int main(void) {
- char s[] = "hello, world! welcome to china!";
- char delim[] = " ,!";
- char *token;
- for(token = strtok(s, delim); token != NULL; token = strtok(NULL, delim)) {
- printf(token);
- printf("+");
- }
- printf("\n");
- return 0;
- }
输出结果为:hello+world+welcome+china+
For example:
- char str[] = "now # is the time for all # good men to come to the # aid of their country";
- char delims[] = "#";
- char *result = NULL;
- result = strtok( str, delims );
- while( result != NULL ){
- printf( "result is \"%s\"\n", result );
- result = strtok( NULL, delims );
- }
The above code will display the following output:
- result is "now "
- result is " is the time for all "
- result is " good men to come to the "
- result is " aid of their country"
- char str2[] = "2011/11/28";
- char *buf;
- char *token;
- buf = str2;
- while((token = strsep(&buf, "/")) != NULL){
- printf("%s\n", token);
- }
输出:
- 2011
- 11
- 28
对于strsep有如下例子:
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <string.h>
- int main(void) {
- char source[] = "hello, world! welcome to china!";
- char delim[] = " ,!";
- char *s = strdup(source);
- char *token;
- for(token = strsep(&s, delim); token != NULL; token = strsep(&s, delim)) {
- printf(token);
- printf("+");
- }
- printf("\n");
- return 0;
- }
为什么用strtok时子串中间只有一个“+”,而strsep却有多个"+"呢?文档中有如下的解释:
One difference between strsep and strtok_r is that if the input string contains more
than one character from delimiter in a row strsep returns an empty string for each
pair of characters from delimiter. This means that a program normally should test
for strsep returning an empty string before processing it.
大意是:如果输入的串的有连续的多个字符属于delim,(此例source中的逗号+空格,感叹号+空格等就是这种情况),strtok会返回NULL,而strsep会返回空串""。因而我们如果想用strsep函数分割字符串必须进行返回值是否是空串的判断。这也就解释了strsep的例子中有多个"+"的原因。
我们在自己的程序中最好尽量避免使用strtok,转而使用strsep。
下面的说明摘自于最新的Linux内核2.6.29,说明了strtok()已经不再使用,由速度更快的strsep()代替。
/** linux/lib/string.c** Copyright (C) 1991, 1992 Linus Torvalds*/
/** stupid library routines.. The optimized versions should generally be found
* as inline code in <asm-xx/string.h>
* These are buggy as well..
* * Fri Jun 25 1999, Ingo Oeser <ioe@informatik.tu-chemnitz.de>
* - Added strsep() which will replace strtok() soon (because strsep() is
* reentrant and should be faster). Use only strsep() in new code, please.
** * Sat Feb 09 2002, Jason Thomas <jason@topic.com.au>,
* Matthew Hawkins <matt@mh.dropbear.id.au>
* - Kissed strtok() goodbye
*/