vulakn教程--Drawing a Triangle--Presentation--Window surface

原文链接: Vulkan-tutorial


Window surface

因为Vulkan是平台(platform)无关的,它不能直接与平台窗体系统(window system)进行通信,为了连接Vulkan和窗体系统,使得被渲染后的结果显示到屏幕上,我们需要使用WSI扩展(Window System Integration extensions),在这个章节我们将使用VK_KHR_surface,它提供的VkSurfaceKHR 是对surface的一个抽象,使得我们能够将渲染后的结果放到VkSurfaceKHR上。还记得我们在之前使用GLFW创建的window吗,window将支持VkSurfaceKHR的创建。

VK_KHR_surface是一个Instance 级别的扩展,我们在创建Instance时已经通过glfwGetRequiredInstanceExtensions允许了这个扩展。

事实上,window surface的创建应该在Instance创建之后就应该完成,因为它会影响Physical Device的选取,之所以推迟到现在才讲,是因为window surface是关于渲染目标和显示的(render targets and presentation)一个比较大的话题,它会扰乱你对其他概念的理解。而且你要明白,如果你只是需要off-screen rendering,那么window surface对于Vulkan来说只是一个可选的扩展。

创建VkSurfaceKHR

声明:

VDeleter<VkSurfaceKHR> surface{instance, vkDestroySurfaceKHR};

如果我们在Windows上创建VkSurfaceKHR ,我们需要两个句柄: HWND 和HMODULE,并需要VK_KHR_win32_surface扩展,其实我们已经通过glfwGetRequiredInstanceExtensions允许了这个扩展,然后我们需要填充下面这个结构 :

VkWin32SurfaceCreateInfoKHR createInfo;
createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WIN32_SURFACE_CREATE_INFO_KHR;
createInfo.hwnd = glfwGetWin32Window(window);
createInfo.hinstance = GetModuleHandle(nullptr);

然后创建基于windows的surface:

auto CreateWin32SurfaceKHR = (PFN_vkCreateWin32SurfaceKHR) vkGetInstanceProcAddr(instance, "vkCreateWin32SurfaceKHR");

if (!CreateWin32SurfaceKHR || CreateWin32SurfaceKHR(instance, &createInfo,
        nullptr, &surface) != VK_SUCCESS) {
    throw std::runtime_error("failed to create window surface!");
}

但是我们不会这么犯傻,因为我们用的可是GLFW啊(GLFW是跨平台的),我们没有必要去写一个基于特定平台的代码,而且这简直毫无道理。事实上,GLFW提供了glfwCreateWindowSurface方法,它自动为我们解决平台的差异性。

所以surface的创建应该是这样的 :

void createSurface() {
    if (glfwCreateWindowSurface(instance, window, nullptr, &surface) != VK_SUCCESS) {
        throw std::runtime_error("failed to create window surface!");
    }
}

就是这么简单优雅!


确定显卡支持WSI(请求显示支持)

尽管Vulkan的实现可能支持WSI ,但并不代表你平台上的所有显卡也支持,它是指Physical Device 中存在一种将images提交到Surface上的命令队列。因此我们需要扩展下面这个函数:

bool isDeviceSuitable(VkPhysicalDevice device) {
    QueueFamilyIndices indices = findQueueFamilies(device);

    return indices.isComplete();
}

注:这个函数其实并未修改。

我们修改isDeviceSuitable(…)的目的是确保能够将渲染好的图片(images)提交(present)到我们所创建的surface上。又因为显示(presentation)是基于队列的,那么问题就转换为:从显卡里寻找一种具有将渲染结果提交(presenting)到surface上的命令的队列(queue family)。

绘画命令和显示命令可能不重叠在一种队列,所以我们需要修改一下结构:

struct QueueFamilyIndices {
    int graphicsFamily = -1;
    int presentFamily = -1;

    bool isComplete() {
        return graphicsFamily >= 0 && presentFamily >= 0;
    }
};

接下来,为了检测队列是否支持将渲染结果提交(presenting)到surface上,我们使用:

VkResult vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceSupportKHR(
    VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice,
    uint32_t queueFamilyIndex,
    VkSurfaceKHR surface,
    VkBool32* pSupported);

这里不做解释,参数已经见名知意了。

联合以上思想,findQueueFamilies(…) 将变成下面这个样子:

QueueFamilyIndices findQueueFamilies(VkPhysicalDevice device) {
    QueueFamilyIndices indices;

    uint32_t queueFamilyCount = 0;
    vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(device, &queueFamilyCount, nullptr);

    std::vector<VkQueueFamilyProperties> queueFamilies(queueFamilyCount);
    vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(device, &queueFamilyCount, queueFamilies.data());

    int i = 0;
    for (const auto& queueFamily : queueFamilies) {
        if (queueFamily.queueCount > 0 && queueFamily.queueFlags & VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT) {
            indices.graphicsFamily = i;
        }
        VkBool32 presentSupport = false;
        vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceSupportKHR(device, i, surface, &presentSupport);

        if (queueFamily.queueCount > 0 && presentSupport) {
            indices.presentFamily = i;
        }

        if (indices.isComplete()) {
            break;
        }

        i++;
    }
    return indices;
}

注意,我们在创建Logical Device时已经创建了一个队列用于支持图形处理的graphicsQueue,现在我们变更了需求,又多了一个用于将渲染结果提交(presenting)到surface上的队列。 那么,Logical Device的创建过程也需要改变。

获取presentQueue:

VkQueue presentQueue;  //声明

createLogicalDevice(…)的改变部分:

void createLogicalDevice() {
        ...
        std::vector<VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo> queueCreateInfos;
        std::set<int> uniqueQueueFamilies = {indices.graphicsFamily, indices.presentFamily};

        float queuePriority = 1.0f;
        for (int queueFamily : uniqueQueueFamilies) {
            VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo queueCreateInfo = {};
            queueCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_INFO;
            queueCreateInfo.queueFamilyIndex = queueFamily;
            queueCreateInfo.queueCount = 1;
            queueCreateInfo.pQueuePriorities = &queuePriority;
            queueCreateInfos.push_back(queueCreateInfo);
        }
        ...
        VkDeviceCreateInfo createInfo = {};
        createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_CREATE_INFO;

        createInfo.pQueueCreateInfos = queueCreateInfos.data();
        createInfo.queueCreateInfoCount = (uint32_t) queueCreateInfos.size();
        createInfo.pEnabledFeatures = &deviceFeatures;
        createInfo.enabledExtensionCount = 0;      
        ...
        ...
        vkGetDeviceQueue(device, indices.presentFamily, 0, &presentQueue);
    }

如果presentFamilygraphicsFamily是同一种队列,presentQueuegraphicsQueue将指向同一个对象。

注:在我的平台上,它们两个是一个队列。


源码:

#define GLFW_INCLUDE_VULKAN
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>

#include <iostream>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <functional>
#include <vector>
#include <cstring>
#include <set>

const int WIDTH = 800;
const int HEIGHT = 600;

const std::vector<const char*> validationLayers = {
    "VK_LAYER_LUNARG_standard_validation"
};

#ifdef NDEBUG
const bool enableValidationLayers = false;
#else
const bool enableValidationLayers = true;
#endif

VkResult CreateDebugReportCallbackEXT(VkInstance instance, const VkDebugReportCallbackCreateInfoEXT* pCreateInfo, const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocator, VkDebugReportCallbackEXT* pCallback) {
    auto func = (PFN_vkCreateDebugReportCallbackEXT) vkGetInstanceProcAddr(instance, "vkCreateDebugReportCallbackEXT");
    if (func != nullptr) {
        return func(instance, pCreateInfo, pAllocator, pCallback);
    } else {
        return VK_ERROR_EXTENSION_NOT_PRESENT;
    }
}

void DestroyDebugReportCallbackEXT(VkInstance instance, VkDebugReportCallbackEXT callback, const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocator) {
    auto func = (PFN_vkDestroyDebugReportCallbackEXT) vkGetInstanceProcAddr(instance, "vkDestroyDebugReportCallbackEXT");
    if (func != nullptr) {
        func(instance, callback, pAllocator);
    }
}

template <typename T>
class VDeleter {
public:
    VDeleter() : VDeleter([](T, VkAllocationCallbacks*) {}) {}

    VDeleter(std::function<void(T, VkAllocationCallbacks*)> deletef) {
        this->deleter = [=](T obj) { deletef(obj, nullptr); };
    }

    VDeleter(const VDeleter<VkInstance>& instance, std::function<void(VkInstance, T, VkAllocationCallbacks*)> deletef) {
        this->deleter = [&instance, deletef](T obj) { deletef(instance, obj, nullptr); };
    }

    VDeleter(const VDeleter<VkDevice>& device, std::function<void(VkDevice, T, VkAllocationCallbacks*)> deletef) {
        this->deleter = [&device, deletef](T obj) { deletef(device, obj, nullptr); };
    }

    ~VDeleter() {
        cleanup();
    }

    T* operator &() {
        cleanup();
        return &object;
    }

    operator T() const {
        return object;
    }

private:
    T object{VK_NULL_HANDLE};
    std::function<void(T)> deleter;

    void cleanup() {
        if (object != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
            deleter(object);
        }
        object = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    }
};

struct QueueFamilyIndices {
    int graphicsFamily = -1;
    int presentFamily = -1;

    bool isComplete() {
        return graphicsFamily >= 0 && presentFamily >= 0;
    }
};

class HelloTriangleApplication {
public:
    void run() {
        initWindow();
        initVulkan();
        mainLoop();
    }

private:
    GLFWwindow* window;

    VDeleter<VkInstance> instance{vkDestroyInstance};
    VDeleter<VkDebugReportCallbackEXT> callback{instance, DestroyDebugReportCallbackEXT};
    VDeleter<VkSurfaceKHR> surface{instance, vkDestroySurfaceKHR};

    VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
    VDeleter<VkDevice> device{vkDestroyDevice};

    VkQueue graphicsQueue;
    VkQueue presentQueue;

    void initWindow() {
        glfwInit();

        glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CLIENT_API, GLFW_NO_API);
        glfwWindowHint(GLFW_RESIZABLE, GLFW_FALSE);

        window = glfwCreateWindow(WIDTH, HEIGHT, "Vulkan", nullptr, nullptr);
    }

    void initVulkan() {
        createInstance();
        setupDebugCallback();
        createSurface();
        pickPhysicalDevice();
        createLogicalDevice();
    }

    void mainLoop() {
        while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)) {
            glfwPollEvents();
        }
    }

    void createInstance() {
        if (enableValidationLayers && !checkValidationLayerSupport()) {
            throw std::runtime_error("validation layers requested, but not available!");
        }

        VkApplicationInfo appInfo = {};
        appInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_APPLICATION_INFO;
        appInfo.pApplicationName = "Hello Triangle";
        appInfo.applicationVersion = VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 0, 0);
        appInfo.pEngineName = "No Engine";
        appInfo.engineVersion = VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 0, 0);
        appInfo.apiVersion = VK_API_VERSION_1_0;

        VkInstanceCreateInfo createInfo = {};
        createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_INSTANCE_CREATE_INFO;
        createInfo.pApplicationInfo = &appInfo;

        auto extensions = getRequiredExtensions();
        createInfo.enabledExtensionCount = extensions.size();
        createInfo.ppEnabledExtensionNames = extensions.data();

        if (enableValidationLayers) {
            createInfo.enabledLayerCount = validationLayers.size();
            createInfo.ppEnabledLayerNames = validationLayers.data();
        } else {
            createInfo.enabledLayerCount = 0;
        }

        if (vkCreateInstance(&createInfo, nullptr, &instance) != VK_SUCCESS) {
            throw std::runtime_error("failed to create instance!");
        }
    }

    void setupDebugCallback() {
        if (!enableValidationLayers) return;

        VkDebugReportCallbackCreateInfoEXT createInfo = {};
        createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEBUG_REPORT_CALLBACK_CREATE_INFO_EXT;
        createInfo.flags = VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT | VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT;
        createInfo.pfnCallback = debugCallback;

        if (CreateDebugReportCallbackEXT(instance, &createInfo, nullptr, &callback) != VK_SUCCESS) {
            throw std::runtime_error("failed to set up debug callback!");
        }
    }

    void createSurface() {
        if (glfwCreateWindowSurface(instance, window, nullptr, &surface) != VK_SUCCESS) {
            throw std::runtime_error("failed to create window surface!");
        }
    }

    void pickPhysicalDevice() {
        uint32_t deviceCount = 0;
        vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance, &deviceCount, nullptr);

        if (deviceCount == 0) {
            throw std::runtime_error("failed to find GPUs with Vulkan support!");
        }

        std::vector<VkPhysicalDevice> devices(deviceCount);
        vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance, &deviceCount, devices.data());

        for (const auto& device : devices) {
            if (isDeviceSuitable(device)) {
                physicalDevice = device;
                break;
            }
        }

        if (physicalDevice == VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
            throw std::runtime_error("failed to find a suitable GPU!");
        }
    }

    void createLogicalDevice() {
        QueueFamilyIndices indices = findQueueFamilies(physicalDevice);

        std::vector<VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo> queueCreateInfos;
        std::set<int> uniqueQueueFamilies = {indices.graphicsFamily, indices.presentFamily};

        float queuePriority = 1.0f;
        for (int queueFamily : uniqueQueueFamilies) {
            VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo queueCreateInfo = {};
            queueCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_INFO;
            queueCreateInfo.queueFamilyIndex = queueFamily;
            queueCreateInfo.queueCount = 1;
            queueCreateInfo.pQueuePriorities = &queuePriority;
            queueCreateInfos.push_back(queueCreateInfo);
        }

        VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures deviceFeatures = {};

        VkDeviceCreateInfo createInfo = {};
        createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_CREATE_INFO;

        createInfo.pQueueCreateInfos = queueCreateInfos.data();
        createInfo.queueCreateInfoCount = (uint32_t) queueCreateInfos.size();

        createInfo.pEnabledFeatures = &deviceFeatures;

        createInfo.enabledExtensionCount = 0;

        if (enableValidationLayers) {
            createInfo.enabledLayerCount = validationLayers.size();
            createInfo.ppEnabledLayerNames = validationLayers.data();
        } else {
            createInfo.enabledLayerCount = 0;
        }

        if (vkCreateDevice(physicalDevice, &createInfo, nullptr, &device) != VK_SUCCESS) {
            throw std::runtime_error("failed to create logical device!");
        }

        vkGetDeviceQueue(device, indices.graphicsFamily, 0, &graphicsQueue);
        vkGetDeviceQueue(device, indices.presentFamily, 0, &presentQueue);
    }

    bool isDeviceSuitable(VkPhysicalDevice device) {
        QueueFamilyIndices indices = findQueueFamilies(device);

        return indices.isComplete();
    }

    QueueFamilyIndices findQueueFamilies(VkPhysicalDevice device) {
        QueueFamilyIndices indices;

        uint32_t queueFamilyCount = 0;
        vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(device, &queueFamilyCount, nullptr);

        std::vector<VkQueueFamilyProperties> queueFamilies(queueFamilyCount);
        vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(device, &queueFamilyCount, queueFamilies.data());

        int i = 0;
        for (const auto& queueFamily : queueFamilies) {
            if (queueFamily.queueCount > 0 && queueFamily.queueFlags & VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT) {
                indices.graphicsFamily = i;
            }

            VkBool32 presentSupport = false;
            vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceSupportKHR(device, i, surface, &presentSupport);

            if (queueFamily.queueCount > 0 && presentSupport) {
                indices.presentFamily = i;
            }

            if (indices.isComplete()) {
                break;
            }

            i++;
        }

        return indices;
    }

    std::vector<const char*> getRequiredExtensions() {
        std::vector<const char*> extensions;

        unsigned int glfwExtensionCount = 0;
        const char** glfwExtensions;
        glfwExtensions = glfwGetRequiredInstanceExtensions(&glfwExtensionCount);

        for (unsigned int i = 0; i < glfwExtensionCount; i++) {
            extensions.push_back(glfwExtensions[i]);
        }

        if (enableValidationLayers) {
            extensions.push_back(VK_EXT_DEBUG_REPORT_EXTENSION_NAME);
        }

        return extensions;
    }

    bool checkValidationLayerSupport() {
        uint32_t layerCount;
        vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties(&layerCount, nullptr);

        std::vector<VkLayerProperties> availableLayers(layerCount);
        vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties(&layerCount, availableLayers.data());

        for (const char* layerName : validationLayers) {
            bool layerFound = false;

            for (const auto& layerProperties : availableLayers) {
                if (strcmp(layerName, layerProperties.layerName) == 0) {
                    layerFound = true;
                    break;
                }
            }

            if (!layerFound) {
                return false;
            }
        }

        return true;
    }

    static VKAPI_ATTR VkBool32 VKAPI_CALL debugCallback(VkDebugReportFlagsEXT flags, VkDebugReportObjectTypeEXT objType, uint64_t obj, size_t location, int32_t code, const char* layerPrefix, const char* msg, void* userData) {
        std::cerr << "validation layer: " << msg << std::endl;

        return VK_FALSE;
    }
};

int main() {
    HelloTriangleApplication app;

    try {
        app.run();
    } catch (const std::runtime_error& e) {
        std::cerr << e.what() << std::endl;
        return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }

    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
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