多线程编程-线程间通信-ThreadLocal（七）

1，ThreadLocal类主要解决的是每个线程绑定自己的值，这里存储的是每个线程私有的数据，解决了变量在不同线程间的隔离性。

测试代码：

public class Tools {
	public static ThreadLocal tl = new ThreadLocal();
}

public class ThreadA extends Thread {

	@Override
	public void run() {
		try {
			for(int i=0; i<10; i++){
				Tools.tl.set("ThreadA "+(i+1));
				System.out.println("ThreadA get value="+Tools.tl.get());
			}
			Thread.sleep(2000);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

public class ThreadB extends Thread {

	@Override
	public void run() {
		try {
			for(int i=0; i<10; i++){
				Tools.tl.set("ThreadB "+(i+1));
				System.out.println("ThreadB get value="+Tools.tl.get());
			}
			Thread.sleep(2000);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

public class RunTest {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		ThreadA ta = new ThreadA();
		ThreadB tb = new ThreadB();
		ta.start();
		tb.start();
	}
}

运行结果：

ThreadB get value=ThreadB 1
ThreadA get value=ThreadA 1
ThreadA get value=ThreadA 2
ThreadA get value=ThreadA 3
ThreadA get value=ThreadA 4
ThreadA get value=ThreadA 5
ThreadA get value=ThreadA 6
ThreadA get value=ThreadA 7
ThreadA get value=ThreadA 8
ThreadA get value=ThreadA 9
ThreadA get value=ThreadA 10
ThreadB get value=ThreadB 2
ThreadB get value=ThreadB 3
ThreadB get value=ThreadB 4
ThreadB get value=ThreadB 5
ThreadB get value=ThreadB 6
ThreadB get value=ThreadB 7
ThreadB get value=ThreadB 8
ThreadB get value=ThreadB 9
ThreadB get value=ThreadB 10

每个线程都取出了自己设置的值。

2，ThreadLocal第一次get会返回null，可以通过重载其方法initialValue来设置默认值。

测试代码：

public class Tools {
	public static ThreadLocalExt tl = new ThreadLocalExt();
}
class ThreadLocalExt extends ThreadLocal{

	@Override
	protected Object initialValue() {
		System.out.println("default value not null.");
		return new Date().getTime();
	}
}

public class ThreadA extends Thread {

	@Override
	public void run() {
		try {
			Thread.sleep(2000);
			System.out.println("ThreadA get value="+Tools.tl.get());
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

public class ThreadB extends Thread {

	@Override
	public void run() {
		try {
			Thread.sleep(8000);
			System.out.println("ThreadB get value="+Tools.tl.get());
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

public class RunTest {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		ThreadA ta = new ThreadA();
		ThreadB tb = new ThreadB();
		ta.start();
		tb.start();
		if(Tools.tl.get() == null){
			System.out.println("main thread 还没有设置过值");
			Tools.tl.set(new Date().getTime());
		}
		System.out.println("main thread ,tl="+Tools.tl.get());
	}
}

运行结果：

default value not null.
main thread ,tl=1516241174168
default value not null.
ThreadA get value=1516241176167
default value not null.
ThreadB get value=1516241182168

每个线程都有自己的初始值。

3，InheritableThreadLocal的使用

类InheritableThreadLocal，可以让子线程取得从父线程继承下来的。

测试代码：

public class Tools {
	public static InheritableThreadLocalExt tl = new InheritableThreadLocalExt();
}
class InheritableThreadLocalExt extends InheritableThreadLocal{
	@Override
	protected Object initialValue() {
		System.out.println("default value not null.");
		return new Date().getTime();
	}

	@Override
	protected Object childValue(Object parentValue) {
		System.out.println("child value inheritable.");
		return parentValue+"-child change value";
	}
	
}

public class RunTest {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		if(Tools.tl.get() == null){
			System.out.println("main thread 还没有设置过值");
			Tools.tl.set(new Date().getTime());
		}
		System.out.println("main thread ,tl="+Tools.tl.get());
		ThreadA ta = new ThreadA();
		ThreadB tb = new ThreadB();	
		ta.start();
		tb.start();		
	}
}

ThreadA，ThreadB的代码不变，但是RunTest.java代码稍微有改动，就是把ThreadA，ThreadB的对象创建放在了主线程的这句：System.out.println("main thread ,tl="+Tools.tl.get());之后。如果把线程A，B的创建放在这句调用之前，A，B线程不会继承父线程（主线程）的值。

protected Object childValue(Object parentValue) {}是在继承的同时，可以对值做修改。

运行结果：

default value not null.
main thread ,tl=1516245837214
child value inheritable.
child value inheritable.
ThreadA get value=1516245837214-child change value
ThreadB get value=1516245837214-child change value

可以看到，虽然线程A，B都有几秒的延迟，但是获取的时间都是main线程的InheritableThreadLocal的时间。