本文转自:http://blog.csdn.net/niying/archive/2006/08/12/1054180.aspx
为什么要使用服务应该程序呢?服务程序就像系统的一些服务一样,能够自动地启动,并执行相应的操作;而且因为服务程序的在层次上和一般的应用程序不同,其能够在系统启动时就自动地运行,而不像一般的应用程序那样一定要在登陆后才能运行,这些就是服务的一些好处了,如果你也想你的程序具有这样的功能,那么你就可以建立一个服务应用程序了。
下面就跟着我一步一步地教你怎么去创建一个服务应用程序吧。
本文主要介绍了OpenSCManager、CreateService、OpenService、ControlService、DeleteService、RegisterServiceCtrlHandler、SetServiceStatus、StartServiceCtrlDispatcher等操作服务程序的主要几个API的用法,具体的函数参数大家可以查阅MSDN。
一、建立Win32 Application应用程序(当然你也可以建立其它的应用程序,但服务一般是没有用户界面的),并命名为ServiceTest。
二、定义全局函数变量。
//定义全局函数变量
void Init();
BOOL IsInstalled();
BOOL Install();
BOOL Uninstall();
void LogEvent(LPCTSTR pszFormat, ...);
void WINAPI ServiceMain();
void WINAPI ServiceStrl(DWORD dwOpcode);
TCHAR szServiceName[] = _T("ServiceTest");
BOOL bInstall;
SERVICE_STATUS_HANDLE hServiceStatus;
SERVICE_STATUS status;
DWORD dwThreadID;
三、添加Init初始化函数。这里主要是设置服务句柄和状态。
hServiceStatus = NULL;
status.dwServiceType = SERVICE_WIN32_OWN_PROCESS;
status.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_STOPPED;
tatus.dwControlsAccepted = SERVICE_ACCEPT_STOP;
status.dwWin32ExitCode = 0;
status.dwServiceSpecificExitCode = 0;
status.dwCheckPoint = 0;
status.dwWaitHint = 0;
四、添加安装和删除服务函数。这里主要是用到了五个函数OpenSCManager、CreateService、OpenService、ControlService、DeleteService。OpenSCManager用于打开服务控制管理器;CreateService用于创建服务;OpenService用于打开已有的服务,返回该服务的句柄;ControlService则用于控制已打开的服务状态,这里是让服务停止后才删除;DeleteService用于删除指定服务。
BOOL Install();
{
//这里列出主要的两个函数,其它的可以在代码里找。
//打开服务控制管理器
OpenSCManager(NULL, NULL, SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS);
//创建服务
SC_HANDLE hService = ::CreateService(
hSCM, szServiceName, szServiceName,
SERVICE_ALL_ACCESS, SERVICE_WIN32_OWN_PROCESS,
SERVICE_DEMAND_START, SERVICE_ERROR_NORMAL,
szFilePath, NULL, NULL, _T(""), NULL, NULL);
::CloseServiceHandle(hService);
::CloseServiceHandle(hSCM);
}
BOOL Uninstall();
{
//这里列出主要的两个函数,其它的可以在代码里找。
//打开服务控制管理器
OpenSCManager(NULL, NULL, SC_MANAGER_ALL_ACCESS);
//打开服务
OpenService(hSCM, szServiceName, SERVICE_STOP | DELETE);
//停止服务
ControlService(hService, SERVICE_CONTROL_STOP, &status);
//删除服务
DeleteService(hService);
…
}
五、添加服务主线程函数和控制函数。这里调用RegisterServiceCtrlHandler来注册服务的控制函数,这里要设置status.dwControlsAccepted为SERVICE_ACCEPT_STOP,否则你不能控制这个服务的状态。
void WINAPI ServiceMain()
{
// Register the control request handler
status.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_START_PENDING;
status.dwControlsAccepted = SERVICE_ACCEPT_STOP;//这个要使用,否则你不能控制
//注册服务控制
hServiceStatus = RegisterServiceCtrlHandler(szServiceName, ServiceStrl);
if (hServiceStatus == NULL)
{
LogEvent(_T("Handler not installed"));
return;
}
SetServiceStatus(hServiceStatus, &status);
status.dwWin32ExitCode = S_OK;
status.dwCheckPoint = 0;
status.dwWaitHint = 0;
status.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_RUNNING;
SetServiceStatus(hServiceStatus, &status);
//模拟服务的运行,10后自动退出。应用时将主要任务放于此即可
int i = 0;
while (i < 10)
{
Sleep(1000);
i++;
}
//
status.dwCurrentState = SERVICE_STOPPED;
SetServiceStatus(hServiceStatus, &status);
LogEvent(_T("Service stopped"));
}
六、在主线程函数里注册控制函数和程序执行主体。
void WINAPI ServiceMain()
{
…
//如上,这里主要是说明这就是程序的执行体
//模拟服务的运行,10后自动退出。应用时将主要任务放于此即可
int i = 0;
while (i < 10)
{
Sleep(1000);
i++;
}
…
}
七、最后,要在main函数里注册添加安装、删除、注册主函数。
int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
LPSTR lpCmdLine,
int nCmdShow)
{
Init();
dwThreadID = ::GetCurrentThreadId();
SERVICE_TABLE_ENTRY st[] =
{
{ szServiceName, (LPSERVICE_MAIN_FUNCTION)ServiceMain },
{ NULL, NULL }
};
if (stricmp(lpCmdLine, "/install") == 0)
{
Install();
}
else if (stricmp(lpCmdLine, "/uninstall") == 0)
{
Uninstall();
}
else
{
if (!::StartServiceCtrlDispatcher(st))
{
LogEvent(_T("Register Service Main Function Error!"));
}
}
return 0;
}
八、总结。其实做一个服务程序并不难,主要是懂得程序的执行体放于哪里?和注册程序的主函数和注册控制函数,如果这两个没有注册的话,你的程序就不知道如何去控制了。status.dwControlsAccepted = SERVICE_ACCEPT_STOP;这个也重要,如果你没有设置的话,那么服务就不会受你控制了。
源码下載:http://d.download.csdn.net/down/158720/niying
我的例子:
#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN // Exclude rarely-used stuff from Windows headers
#include "windows.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#if defined(_WIN32)
SERVICE_STATUS gSvcStatus; //服务状态
SERVICE_STATUS_HANDLE gSvcStatusHandle; //服务状态句柄
HANDLE ghSvcStopEvent = NULL;//服务停止句柄
#define SERVER_NAME TEXT("LincTestServer") //服务名
VOID WINAPI Server_main( DWORD, LPTSTR *); //服务入口点
void ServerReportEvent(LPTSTR szName,LPTSTR szFunction); //写Windows日志
VOID ReportSvcStatus( DWORD, DWORD, DWORD ); //服务状态和SCM交互
VOID WINAPI SvcCtrlHandler( DWORD ); //SCM回调函数
VOID ServerProgram(DWORD, LPTSTR *); //服务主程序
void main()
{
SERVICE_TABLE_ENTRY DispatchTable[] =
{
{ SERVER_NAME, (LPSERVICE_MAIN_FUNCTION)Server_main },
{ NULL, NULL }
};
if (!StartServiceCtrlDispatcher(DispatchTable))
{
ServerReportEvent(SERVER_NAME,TEXT("StartServiceCtrlDispatcher"));
}
}
static VOID WINAPI Server_main(DWORD dwArgc, LPTSTR *lpszArgv )
{
// Register the handler function for the service
gSvcStatusHandle = RegisterServiceCtrlHandler(
SERVER_NAME,
SvcCtrlHandler);
if( !gSvcStatusHandle )
{
ServerReportEvent(SERVER_NAME,TEXT("RegisterServiceCtrlHandler"));
return;
}
// These SERVICE_STATUS members remain as set here
gSvcStatus.dwServiceType = SERVICE_WIN32_OWN_PROCESS; //只有一个单独的服务
gSvcStatus.dwServiceSpecificExitCode = 0;
// Report initial status to the SCM
ReportSvcStatus( SERVICE_START_PENDING, NO_ERROR, 3000 );
// Perform service-specific initialization and work.
ghSvcStopEvent = CreateEvent(
NULL, // default security attributes
TRUE, // manual reset event
FALSE, // not signaled
NULL); // no name
if ( ghSvcStopEvent == NULL)
{
ReportSvcStatus( SERVICE_STOPPED, NO_ERROR, 0 );
return;
}
// Report running status when initialization is complete.
ReportSvcStatus( SERVICE_RUNNING, NO_ERROR, 0 );
// TO_DO: Perform work until service stops.
ServerProgram(dwArgc, lpszArgv); //你需要的操作在此添加代码
while(1)
{
// Check whether to stop the service.
WaitForSingleObject(ghSvcStopEvent, INFINITE);
ReportSvcStatus( SERVICE_STOPPED, NO_ERROR, 0 );
return;
}
}
void ServerReportEvent(LPTSTR szName,LPTSTR szFunction)
{
HANDLE hEventSource;
LPCTSTR lpszStrings[2];
unsigned int len = sizeof(szFunction);
TCHAR *Buffer = new TCHAR[len];
hEventSource = RegisterEventSource(NULL, szName);
if( NULL != hEventSource )
{
//StringCchPrintf(Buffer, 80, TEXT("%s failed with %d"), szFunction, GetLastError());
strcpy((char*)Buffer,(char*)szFunction);
lpszStrings[0] = szName;
lpszStrings[1] = Buffer;
ReportEvent(hEventSource, // event log handle
EVENTLOG_ERROR_TYPE, // event type
0, // event category
0, // event identifier
NULL, // no security identifier
2, // size of lpszStrings array
0, // no binary data
lpszStrings, // array of strings
NULL); // no binary data
DeregisterEventSource(hEventSource);
}
}
VOID ReportSvcStatus( DWORD dwCurrentState,
DWORD dwWin32ExitCode,
DWORD dwWaitHint)
{
static DWORD dwCheckPoint = 1;
// Fill in the SERVICE_STATUS structure.
gSvcStatus.dwCurrentState = dwCurrentState;
gSvcStatus.dwWin32ExitCode = dwWin32ExitCode;
gSvcStatus.dwWaitHint = dwWaitHint;
if (dwCurrentState == SERVICE_START_PENDING)
gSvcStatus.dwControlsAccepted = 0;
else gSvcStatus.dwControlsAccepted = SERVICE_ACCEPT_STOP;
if ( (dwCurrentState == SERVICE_RUNNING) ||
(dwCurrentState == SERVICE_STOPPED) )
gSvcStatus.dwCheckPoint = 0;
else gSvcStatus.dwCheckPoint = dwCheckPoint++;
// Report the status of the service to the SCM.
SetServiceStatus( gSvcStatusHandle, &gSvcStatus );
}
VOID WINAPI SvcCtrlHandler( DWORD dwCtrl )
{
// Handle the requested control code.
switch(dwCtrl)
{
case SERVICE_CONTROL_STOP:
ReportSvcStatus(SERVICE_STOP_PENDING, NO_ERROR, 0);
// Signal the service to stop.
SetEvent(ghSvcStopEvent);
return;
case SERVICE_CONTROL_INTERROGATE:
// Fall through to send current status.
break;
default:
break;
}
ReportSvcStatus(gSvcStatus.dwCurrentState, NO_ERROR, 0);
}
VOID ServerProgram(DWORD, LPTSTR *)
{
try
{
std::cout << "server program!!!" << std::endl;
}
catch (std::exception& e)
{
std::cerr << "exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
}
}
#endif