MachineLearning--Knn

KNN是一种基于距离度量的监督学习方法,属于懒惰学习。它通过找到测试样本最近的k个邻居来预测其类别,常用于分类和回归任务。K值的选择对结果有显著影响,过大或过小都会带来不同的误差。尽管KNN计算量大,但其简单易实现且适用于多分类问题。代码实现部分展示了如何用KNN进行分类预测。
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Knn (k-Nearest Neighbor)
一、算法描述

一种常用的监督学习方法,其工作机制非常简单:给定测试样本,基于某种距离的度量方式(欧氏距离、闵氏距离、曼哈顿距离等)找出训练集中与该样本距离最近的前k个训练样本,并依据k个“邻居”的样本信息进行预测。属于懒惰学习方法[1]。

[1]:懒惰学习(lazy learning)训练阶段仅仅保存样本,训练时间开销为0,待新样本得到后再进行处理;相应的,急切学习(eager learning) 在训练阶段就对样本进行学习处理的方法

KNN图示

二、算法要点
1、距离的度量
欧氏距离、Minkowski距离、曼哈顿距离
参见:
http://www.cnblogs.com/wentingtu/archive/2012/05/03/2479919.html

2、K值选取
K值选取较大,即使用较大邻域内的训练实例进行预测,可以减少学习估计误差,但近似误差会增大;与样本距离较远的训练样本也会对预测结果有影响;
K值选取较小,则近似误差会减小,估计误差会增大;与样本距离较近的训练样本才会对预测结果有影响;预测结果对近邻的训练样本会很敏感。
一般来说,K值取一个比较小的值,通常采用交叉验证法来选择。

3、类别判定
投票法:在分类预测中,

IEEE-CIS Fraud Detection is a Kaggle competition that challenges participants to detect fraudulent transactions using machine learning techniques. KNN (k-Nearest Neighbors) is one of the machine learning algorithms that can be used to solve this problem. KNN is a non-parametric algorithm that classifies new data points based on the majority class of their k-nearest neighbors in the training data. In the context of fraud detection, KNN can be used to classify transactions as either fraudulent or not based on the similarity of their features to those in the training data. To implement KNN for fraud detection, one can follow the following steps: 1. Preprocess the data: This involves cleaning and transforming the data into a format that the algorithm can work with. 2. Split the data: Split the data into training and testing sets. The training data is used to train the KNN model, and the testing data is used to evaluate its performance. 3. Choose the value of k: This is the number of neighbors to consider when classifying a new data point. The optimal value of k can be determined using cross-validation. 4. Train the model: Train the KNN model on the training data. 5. Test the model: Test the performance of the model on the testing data. 6. Tune the model: Fine-tune the model by changing the hyperparameters such as the distance metric used or the weighting function. Overall, KNN can be a useful algorithm for fraud detection, but its performance depends heavily on the quality of the data and the choice of hyperparameters.
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