派生类的赋值运算符也必须处理它的基类成员的赋值(源自effictive c++)

派生类的赋值运算符也必须处理它的基类成员的赋值！看看下面：

class base {
public:
  base(int initialvalue = 0): x(initialvalue) {}

private:
  int x;
};

class derived: public base {
public:
  derived(int initialvalue)
  : base(initialvalue), y(initialvalue) {}

  derived& operator=(const derived& rhs);

private:
  int y;
};

逻辑上说，derived的赋值运算符应该象这样：

// erroneous assignment operator
derived& derived::operator=(const derived& rhs)
{
  if (this == &rhs) return *this;    // 见条款17

  y = rhs.y;                         // 给derived仅有的
                                     // 数据成员赋值

  return *this;                      // 见条款15
}

不幸的是，它是错误的，因为derived对象的base部分的数据成员x在赋值运算符中未受影响。例如，考虑下面的代码段：

void assignmenttester()
{
  derived d1(0);                      // d1.x = 0, d1.y = 0
  derived d2(1);                      // d2.x = 1, d2.y = 1

  d1 = d2;         // d1.x = 0, d1.y = 1!
}

请注意d1的base部分没有被赋值操作改变。

// 正确的赋值运算符
derived& derived::operator=(const derived& rhs)
{
  if (this == &rhs) return *this;

  base::operator=(rhs);    // 调用this->base::operator=
  y = rhs.y;

  return *this;
}