思维的全面性与通用性之一例

First make a menu like the following one according to the requirements below the menu.

*****************************************************************

Enter the number corresponding to the desired pay rate or action:

1) $8.75/hr                         2) $9.33/hr

3) $10.00/hr                        4) $11.20/hr

5) quit

*****************************************************************

If choices 1 through 4 are selected, the program should request the hours worked. The program should recycle until 5 is entered. If something other than choices 1 through 5 is entered, the program should remind the user what the proper choices are and then recycle. Use #defined constants for the various earning rates and tax rates.

Then rite a program that requests the hours worked in a week and then prints the gross pay, the taxes, and the net pay. Assume the following:

1. Basic pay rate = $10.00/hr

2. Overtime (in excess of 40 hours) = time and a half

3. Tax rate: 15% of the first $300

   20% of the next $150

   25% of the rest

Code 1:

/* ex7, chptr8 */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <string.h>

#define OT	40.0
#define TIMES   1.50
#define TAX1	300.0
#define TAX2	150.0
#define RATE1	0.15
#define RATE2	0.20
#define RATE3	0.25

void menu(void);
char get_first(void);
void calc(double payrt);

int main(void)
{   
    char choice;
    double payrate = 0;

    menu();
    choice = get_first();
    while(payrate == 0)
    {
        switch(choice)
        {
            case 'a': payrate = 8.75;
                      break;
            case 'b': payrate = 9.33;
                      break;
            case 'c': payrate = 10.00;
                      break;
            case 'd': payrate = 11.20;
                      break;
            case 'q': payrate = -1;
                      break;
            default: puts("\nWrong input. Enter your choice again.");
                     menu();
                     choice = get_first();
                     break;
        }
   }
   if(choice != 'q')
       calc(payrate); 
   puts("\nBye!");
}

void menu(void)
{
    int i, length;
    
    
    length = strlen("Enter the number corresponding to the desired pay rate or action: ");
    for(i = 0; i < length; i++)
        printf("-");
    puts("\nEnter the number corresponding to the desired pay rate or action: ");
    puts("\na) $8.75/hr				b) $9.33/hr");
    puts("c) $10.00/hr				d) $11.20/hr");
    puts("q) quit\n");
    for(i = 0; i < length; i++)
        printf("*");
    printf("\n\nEnter your choice: ");
}

char get_first(void)
{
    char ch;

    while(isspace(ch = getchar()))
        continue;

   return tolower(ch);
}

void calc(double payrt)
{
    double workhours, grosspay, tax, netpay;
    
    printf("\nEnter your hours of work: ");
    scanf("%lf", &workhours);
    if(workhours <= OT)
        grosspay = payrt * workhours;
    else
        grosspay = payrt * OT + payrt * (workhours  - 40) * TIMES;
    if(grosspay <=  TAX1)
        tax = grosspay * RATE1;
    else if(grosspay <= TAX1 + TAX2)
        tax = TAX1 * RATE1 + (grosspay - TAX1) * RATE2;
    else
        tax = TAX1 * RATE1 + TAX2 * RATE2 + (grosspay - TAX1 - TAX2) * RATE3;
    netpay = grosspay - tax;

    printf("\nworkhours = %.2lf, grosspay = %.2lf, tax = %.2lf, netpay = %.2lf\n", workhours, grosspay, tax, netpay);
}

Code2:

/* Programming Exercise 8-7 */

#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>

#define BASEPAY1	8.75 	/* $8.75 per hour	*/
#define BASEPAY2	9.33 	/* $9.33 per hour	*/
#define BASEPAY3	10.00	/* $10.00 perhour	*/
#define BASEPAY4	11.20	/* $11.20 per hour	*/
#define BASEHRS		40	/* hours at basepay	*/
#define OVERTIME	1.5	/* 1.5 time		*/
#define AMT1		300	/* 1st rate tier	*/
#define AMT2		150	/* 2nd rate tier	*/
#define RATE1		0.15	/* rate for 1st tier	*/
#define RATE2		0.20	/* rate for 2nd tier	*/
#define RATE3		0.25	/* rate for 3rd tier	*/

int getfirst(void);
void menu(void);

int main(void)
{
    double hours;
    double gross;
    double net;
    double taxes;
    double pay;
    char response;

    menu();
    while((response = getfirst()) != 'q')
    {
        if(response == '\n')    	/* skip over newlines */
            continue;
        response = tolower(response);   /* accept A as a, etc. */
        switch(response)
        {
            case 'a': pay = BASEPAY1; break;
            case 'b': pay = BASEPAY2; break;
            case 'c': pay = BASEPAY3; break;
            case 'd': pay = BASEPAY4; break;
            default : printf("Please enter a, b, c, d, or q.\n");
                      menu();
                      continue;		/* go to beginning of loop */
        }
        printf("Enter the number of hours worked this week: ");
        scanf("%lf", &hours);
        if(hours <= BASEHRS)
            gross = hours * pay;
        else
            gross = BASEHRS * pay + (hours - BASEHRS) * pay * OVERTIME;
        if(gross <= AMT1)
            taxes = gross * RATE1;
        else if(gross <= AMT1 + AMT2)
            taxes = AMT1 * RATE1 + (gross - AMT1) * RATE2;
        else
            taxes = AMT1 * RATE1 + AMT2 * RATE2 + (gross - AMT1 - AMT2) * RATE3;
        net = gross - taxes;
        printf("gross: $%.2f; taxes: $%.2f; net: $%.2f\n", gross, taxes, net);
        menu();
    }
    return 0;
}

void menu(void)
{
    printf("****************************************************************\n");
    printf("Enter the letter corresponding to the desired pay rate or action\n");
    printf("a) $%4.2f/hr			b) $%4.2f/hr\n", BASEPAY1, BASEPAY2);
    printf("c) $%4.2f/hr			d) $%5.2f/hr\n", BASEPAY3, BASEPAY4);
    printf("q) quit\n");
    printf("****************************************************************\n");
}

int getfirst(void)
{
    int ch;

    ch = getchar();
    while(isspace(ch))
        ch =getchar();
    while(getchar() != '\n')
        continue;
    return ch;
}

以上两个代码的区别显而易见，写程序者的思维在全面性和通用性上高下立见。不同的思维造成的效果是不同的，程序的通用性和复用性是程序的生命。