使用NPOI导入导出标准Excel

尝试过很多Excel导入导出方法，都不太理想，无意中逛到oschina时，发现了NPOI，无需Office COM组件且不依赖Office，顿时惊为天人，怀着无比激动的心情写下此文。

 

曾使用过的方法

1. 直接导出html，修改后缀名为.xls，这个方法有点像骗人的把戏，而且不能再导入
2. 使用Jet OLEDB引擎来进行导入导出，完全使用sql语句来进行操作，缺点能控制的东西非常有限，比如格式就难以控制
3. 使用Office COM组件进行导入导出，对环境依赖性太强(如“检索 COM 类工厂…”错误)；且需要通过打开Excel.exe进程进行操作；虽然可以通过关闭工作表以及Marshal.ReleaseComObject方法来释放资源，但依然避免不了性能差。

 

关于NPOI

NPOI是POI项目的.NET版本，是由@Tony Qu(http://tonyqus.cnblogs.com/)等大侠基于POI开发的，可以从http://npoi.codeplex.com/下载到它的最新版本。它不使用Office COM组件(Microsoft.Office.Interop.XXX.dll)，不需要安装Microsoft Office，支持对Office 97-2003的文件格式，功能比较强大。更详细的说明请看作者的博客或官方网站。

 

它的以下一些特性让我相当喜欢：

1. 支持对标准的Excel读写
2. 支持对流(Stream)的读写 (而Jet OLEDB和Office COM都只能针对文件)
3. 支持大部分Office COM组件的常用功能
4. 性能优异 (相对于前面的方法)
5. 使用简单，易上手

 

使用NPOI

本文使用的是它当前的最新版本1.2.4，此版本的程序集缩减至2个：NPOI.dll、Ionic.Zip.dll，直接引用到项目中即可。

对于我们开发者使用的对象主要位于NPOI.HSSF.UserModel空间下，主要有HSSFWorkbook、HSSFSheet、HSSFRow、HSSFCell，对应的接口为位于NPOI.SS.UserModel空间下的IWorkbook、ISheet、IRow、ICell，分别对应Excel文件、工作表、行、列。

 

简单演示一下创建一个Workbook对象，添加一个工作表，在工作表中添加一行一列：

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using NPOI.HSSF.UserModel; using NPOI.SS.UserModel;   public class NPOIWrite {      void CreateSheet()      {          IWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(); //创建Workbook对象          ISheet sheet = workbook.CreateSheet( "Sheet1" ); //创建工作表          IRow row = sheet.CreateRow(0); //在工作表中添加一行          ICell cell = row.CreateCell(0); //在行中添加一列          cell.SetCellValue( "test" ); //设置列的内容      } }

 

相应的读取代码：

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using System.IO; using NPOI.HSSF.UserModel; using NPOI.SS.UserModel;   public class NPOIRead {      void GetSheet(Stream stream)      {          IWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(stream); //从流内容创建Workbook对象          ISheet sheet = workbook.GetSheetAt(0); //获取第一个工作表          IRow row = sheet.GetRow(0); //获取工作表第一行          ICell cell = row.GetCell(0); //获取行的第一列          string value = cell.ToString(); //获取列的值      } }

 

使用NPOI导出

从DataTable读取内容来创建Workbook对象：

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public static MemoryStream RenderToExcel(DataTable table) {      MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream();        using (table)      {          using (IWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook())          {              using (ISheet sheet = workbook.CreateSheet())              {                  IRow headerRow = sheet.CreateRow(0);                    // handling header.                  foreach (DataColumn column in table.Columns)                      headerRow.CreateCell(column.Ordinal).SetCellValue(column.Caption); //If Caption not set, returns the ColumnName value                    // handling value.                  int rowIndex = 1;                    foreach (DataRow row in table.Rows)                  {                      IRow dataRow = sheet.CreateRow(rowIndex);                        foreach (DataColumn column in table.Columns)                      {                          dataRow.CreateCell(column.Ordinal).SetCellValue(row[column].ToString());                      }                        rowIndex++;                  }                    workbook.Write(ms);                  ms.Flush();                  ms.Position = 0;              }          }      }      return ms; }

如果看不惯DataTable，那么DataReader也行：

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public static MemoryStream RenderToExcel(IDataReader reader) {      MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream();        using (reader)      {          using (IWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook())          {              using (ISheet sheet = workbook.CreateSheet())              {                  IRow headerRow = sheet.CreateRow(0);                  int cellCount = reader.FieldCount;                    // handling header.                  for ( int i = 0; i < cellCount; i++)                  {                      headerRow.CreateCell(i).SetCellValue(reader.GetName(i));                  }                    // handling value.                  int rowIndex = 1;                  while (reader.Read())                  {                      IRow dataRow = sheet.CreateRow(rowIndex);                        for ( int i = 0; i < cellCount; i++)                      {                          dataRow.CreateCell(i).SetCellValue(reader[i].ToString());                      }                        rowIndex++;                  }                    workbook.Write(ms);                  ms.Flush();                  ms.Position = 0;              }          }      }      return ms; }

以上代码把创建的Workbook对象保存到流中，可以通过以下方法输出到浏览器，或是保存到硬盘中：

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static void SaveToFile(MemoryStream ms, string fileName) {      using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(fileName, FileMode.Create, FileAccess.Write))      {          byte [] data = ms.ToArray();            fs.Write(data, 0, data.Length);          fs.Flush();            data = null ;      } }   static void RenderToBrowser(MemoryStream ms, HttpContext context, string fileName) {      if (context.Request.Browser.Browser == "IE" )          fileName = HttpUtility.UrlEncode(fileName);      context.Response.AddHeader( "Content-Disposition" , "attachment;fileName=" + fileName);      context.Response.BinaryWrite(ms.ToArray()); }

 

使用NPOI导入

需要注意的是，sheet.LastRowNum = sheet.PhysicalNumberOfRows - 1，这里可能存在BUG：当没有数据或只有一行数据时sheet.LastRowNum为0，PhysicalNumberOfRows 表现正常。

这里读取流中的Excel来创建Workbook对象，并转换成DataTable：

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static DataTable RenderFromExcel(Stream excelFileStream) {      using (excelFileStream)      {          using (IWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(excelFileStream))          {              using (ISheet sheet = workbook.GetSheetAt(0)) //取第一个表              {                  DataTable table = new DataTable();                    IRow headerRow = sheet.GetRow(0); //第一行为标题行                  int cellCount = headerRow.LastCellNum; //LastCellNum = PhysicalNumberOfCells                  int rowCount = sheet.LastRowNum; //LastRowNum = PhysicalNumberOfRows - 1                    //handling header.                  for ( int i = headerRow.FirstCellNum; i < cellCount; i++)                  {                      DataColumn column = new DataColumn(headerRow.GetCell(i).StringCellValue);                      table.Columns.Add(column);                  }                    for ( int i = (sheet.FirstRowNum + 1); i <= rowCount; i++)                  {                      IRow row = sheet.GetRow(i);                      DataRow dataRow = table.NewRow();                        if (row != null )                      {                          for ( int j = row.FirstCellNum; j < cellCount; j++)                          {                              if (row.GetCell(j) != null )                                  dataRow[j] = GetCellValue(row.GetCell(j));                          }                      }                        table.Rows.Add(dataRow);                  }                  return table;                }          }      } }

或者是直接生成SQL语句来插入到数据库：

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public static int RenderToDb(Stream excelFileStream, string insertSql, DBAction dbAction) {      int rowAffected = 0;      using (excelFileStream)      {          using (IWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(excelFileStream))          {              using (ISheet sheet = workbook.GetSheetAt(0)) //取第一个工作表              {                  StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();                    IRow headerRow = sheet.GetRow(0); //第一行为标题行                  int cellCount = headerRow.LastCellNum; //LastCellNum = PhysicalNumberOfCells                  int rowCount = sheet.LastRowNum; //LastRowNum = PhysicalNumberOfRows - 1                    for ( int i = (sheet.FirstRowNum + 1); i <= rowCount; i++)                  {                      IRow row = sheet.GetRow(i);                      if (row != null )                      {                          builder.Append(insertSql);                          builder.Append( " values (" );                          for ( int j = row.FirstCellNum; j < cellCount; j++)                          {                              builder.AppendFormat( "'{0}'," , GetCellValue(row.GetCell(j)).Replace( "'" , "''" ));                          }                          builder.Length = builder.Length - 1;                          builder.Append( ");" );                      }                        if ((i % 50 == 0 || i == rowCount) && builder.Length > 0)                      {                          //每50条记录一次批量插入到数据库                          rowAffected += dbAction(builder.ToString());                          builder.Length = 0;                      }                  }              }          }      }      return rowAffected; }

这里的Excel可能没有数据，所以可以加一个方法来检测：

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public static bool HasData(Stream excelFileStream) {      using (excelFileStream)      {          using (IWorkbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook(excelFileStream))          {              if (workbook.NumberOfSheets > 0)              {                  using (ISheet sheet = workbook.GetSheetAt(0))                  {                      return sheet.PhysicalNumberOfRows > 0;                  }              }          }      }      return false ; }

http://www.cnblogs.com/lwme/archive/2011/11/18/npoi_excel_import_export.html