延时分两种,一种是忙等待,一种是出让cpu,利用定时器来实现等待。
忙等待
linux内核提供3个函数分别进行纳秒,微妙和毫秒延时(使用时包要含头文件<linux/delay.h>):
void ndelay(unsigned long nsecs);
void udelay(unsigned long usecs);
void mdelay(unsigned long msecs);
跟踪下udelay
#define udelay(n) \
(__builtin_constant_p(n) ? \
((n) > (MAX_UDELAY_MS * 1000) ? __bad_udelay() : \
__const_udelay((n) * UDELAY_MULT)) : \
__udelay(n))
#define __udelay(n) arm_delay_ops.udelay(n)
struct arm_delay_ops arm_delay_ops __ro_after_init = {
.delay = __loop_delay,
.const_udelay = __loop_const_udelay,
.udelay = __loop_udelay,
};
arch/arm/lib/delay-loop.S
/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only */
/*
* linux/arch/arm/lib/delay.S
*
* Copyright (C) 1995, 1996 Russell King
*/
#include <linux/linkage.h>
#include <asm/assembler.h>
#include <asm/delay.h>
.text
.LC0: .word loops_per_jiffy
.LC1: .word UDELAY_MULT
/*
* loops = r0 * HZ * loops_per_jiffy / 1000000
*
* r0 <= 2000
* HZ <= 1000
*/
ENTRY(__loop_udelay)
ldr r2, .LC1
mul r0, r2, r0 @ r0 = delay_us * UDELAY_MULT
ENTRY(__loop_const_udelay) @ 0 <= r0 <= 0xfffffaf0
ldr r2, .LC0
ldr r2, [r2]
umull r1, r0, r2, r0 @ r0-r1 = r0 * loops_per_jiffy
adds r1, r1, #0xffffffff @ rounding up ...
adcs r0, r0, r0 @ and right shift by 31
reteq lr
.align 3
@ Delay routine
ENTRY(__loop_delay)
subs r0, r0, #1
#if 0
retls lr
subs r0, r0, #1
retls lr
subs r0, r0, #1
retls lr
subs r0, r0, #1
retls lr
subs r0, r0, #1
retls lr
subs r0, r0, #1
retls lr
subs r0, r0, #1
retls lr
subs r0, r0, #1
#endif
bhi __loop_delay
ret lr
ENDPROC(__loop_udelay)
ENDPROC(__loop_const_udelay)
ENDPROC(__loop_delay)
出让cpu,利用定时器来实现等待
sleep类型的等待,先设置一个唤醒时间,主动出让cpu,待定时时间到后,进行回调。
void msleep(unsigned int millisecs);
unsigned long msleep_interruptible(unsigned int milosecs);
void ssleep(unsigned int seconds);
void __sched usleep_range(unsigned long min, unsigned long max);
static inline void ssleep(unsigned int seconds)
{
msleep(seconds * 1000);
}
/**
* msleep - sleep safely even with waitqueue interruptions
* @msecs: Time in milliseconds to sleep for
*/
void msleep(unsigned int msecs)
{
unsigned long timeout = msecs_to_jiffies(msecs) + 1;
while (timeout)
timeout = schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(timeout);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(msleep);
/**
* msleep_interruptible - sleep waiting for signals
* @msecs: Time in milliseconds to sleep for
*/
unsigned long msleep_interruptible(unsigned int msecs)
{
unsigned long timeout = msecs_to_jiffies(msecs) + 1;
while (timeout && !signal_pending(current))
timeout = schedule_timeout_interruptible(timeout);
return jiffies_to_msecs(timeout);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(msleep_interruptible);
/**
* usleep_range - Sleep for an approximate time
* @min: Minimum time in usecs to sleep
* @max: Maximum time in usecs to sleep
*
* In non-atomic context where the exact wakeup time is flexible, use
* usleep_range() instead of udelay(). The sleep improves responsiveness
* by avoiding the CPU-hogging busy-wait of udelay(), and the range reduces
* power usage by allowing hrtimers to take advantage of an already-
* scheduled interrupt instead of scheduling a new one just for this sleep.
*/
void __sched usleep_range(unsigned long min, unsigned long max)
{
ktime_t exp = ktime_add_us(ktime_get(), min);
u64 delta = (u64)(max - min) * NSEC_PER_USEC;
for (;;) {
__set_current_state(TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
/* Do not return before the requested sleep time has elapsed */
if (!schedule_hrtimeout_range(&exp, delta, HRTIMER_MODE_ABS))
break;
}
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(usleep_range);