Linux下的延时函数

延时分两种，一种是忙等待，一种是出让cpu，利用定时器来实现等待。

忙等待

linux内核提供3个函数分别进行纳秒，微妙和毫秒延时（使用时包要含头文件<linux/delay.h>）:

void ndelay(unsigned long nsecs);

void udelay(unsigned long usecs);

void mdelay(unsigned long msecs);

跟踪下udelay

#define udelay(n)							\
	(__builtin_constant_p(n) ?					\
	  ((n) > (MAX_UDELAY_MS * 1000) ? __bad_udelay() :		\
			__const_udelay((n) * UDELAY_MULT)) :		\
	  __udelay(n))

#define __udelay(n)		arm_delay_ops.udelay(n)

struct arm_delay_ops arm_delay_ops __ro_after_init = {
	.delay		= __loop_delay,
	.const_udelay	= __loop_const_udelay,
	.udelay		= __loop_udelay,
};

arch/arm/lib/delay-loop.S 

/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only */
/*
 *  linux/arch/arm/lib/delay.S
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 1995, 1996 Russell King
 */
#include <linux/linkage.h>
#include <asm/assembler.h>
#include <asm/delay.h>

		.text

.LC0:		.word	loops_per_jiffy
.LC1:		.word	UDELAY_MULT

/*
 * loops = r0 * HZ * loops_per_jiffy / 1000000
 *
 * r0  <= 2000
 * HZ  <= 1000
 */

ENTRY(__loop_udelay)
		ldr	r2, .LC1
		mul	r0, r2, r0		@ r0 = delay_us * UDELAY_MULT
ENTRY(__loop_const_udelay)			@ 0 <= r0 <= 0xfffffaf0
		ldr	r2, .LC0
		ldr	r2, [r2]
		umull	r1, r0, r2, r0		@ r0-r1 = r0 * loops_per_jiffy
		adds	r1, r1, #0xffffffff	@ rounding up ...
		adcs	r0, r0, r0		@ and right shift by 31
		reteq	lr

		.align 3

@ Delay routine
ENTRY(__loop_delay)
		subs	r0, r0, #1
#if 0
		retls	lr
		subs	r0, r0, #1
		retls	lr
		subs	r0, r0, #1
		retls	lr
		subs	r0, r0, #1
		retls	lr
		subs	r0, r0, #1
		retls	lr
		subs	r0, r0, #1
		retls	lr
		subs	r0, r0, #1
		retls	lr
		subs	r0, r0, #1
#endif
		bhi	__loop_delay
		ret	lr
ENDPROC(__loop_udelay)
ENDPROC(__loop_const_udelay)
ENDPROC(__loop_delay)

 

出让cpu，利用定时器来实现等待

sleep类型的等待，先设置一个唤醒时间，主动出让cpu，待定时时间到后，进行回调。

void msleep(unsigned int millisecs);

unsigned long msleep_interruptible(unsigned int milosecs);

void ssleep(unsigned int seconds);

void __sched usleep_range(unsigned long min, unsigned long max);

static inline void ssleep(unsigned int seconds)
{
	msleep(seconds * 1000);
}

/**
 * msleep - sleep safely even with waitqueue interruptions
 * @msecs: Time in milliseconds to sleep for
 */
void msleep(unsigned int msecs)
{
	unsigned long timeout = msecs_to_jiffies(msecs) + 1;

	while (timeout)
		timeout = schedule_timeout_uninterruptible(timeout);
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(msleep);

/**
 * msleep_interruptible - sleep waiting for signals
 * @msecs: Time in milliseconds to sleep for
 */
unsigned long msleep_interruptible(unsigned int msecs)
{
	unsigned long timeout = msecs_to_jiffies(msecs) + 1;

	while (timeout && !signal_pending(current))
		timeout = schedule_timeout_interruptible(timeout);
	return jiffies_to_msecs(timeout);
}

EXPORT_SYMBOL(msleep_interruptible);

/**
 * usleep_range - Sleep for an approximate time
 * @min: Minimum time in usecs to sleep
 * @max: Maximum time in usecs to sleep
 *
 * In non-atomic context where the exact wakeup time is flexible, use
 * usleep_range() instead of udelay().  The sleep improves responsiveness
 * by avoiding the CPU-hogging busy-wait of udelay(), and the range reduces
 * power usage by allowing hrtimers to take advantage of an already-
 * scheduled interrupt instead of scheduling a new one just for this sleep.
 */
void __sched usleep_range(unsigned long min, unsigned long max)
{
	ktime_t exp = ktime_add_us(ktime_get(), min);
	u64 delta = (u64)(max - min) * NSEC_PER_USEC;

	for (;;) {
		__set_current_state(TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
		/* Do not return before the requested sleep time has elapsed */
		if (!schedule_hrtimeout_range(&exp, delta, HRTIMER_MODE_ABS))
			break;
	}
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(usleep_range);