《OpenCV3编程入门》学习笔记四：初探core组件

一：内容介绍

本节主要介绍OpenCV的core模块基础部分：
1. Mat类的用法，及OpenCV中其他常用的数据类型
2. 基本绘图操作

二：学习笔记

1.core模块

本章节开始介绍OpenCV的core模块http://docs.opencv.org/3.1.0/d0/de1/group__core.html ，重点讲了些Basic structures中的一小部分内容http://docs.opencv.org/3.1.0/dc/d84/group__core__basic.html。可以多看看，例如cv::Algorithm, cv::Point以后都很有用。

2.关于Mat

mat数据内存中的存储方式，一张PPT解释。关于其读写，下面会给出一个例程。

常用构造函数：

个人比较喜欢的用法：

Mat A(1000, 800, CV_8UC3，Scalar(0, 0, 255));
Mat F=A.clone();
Mat G;
A.copyTo(G);
Mat imageROI;//创建一个感兴趣区域（ROI），只需要创建包含边界信息的信息头
imageROI = A(Rect(800, 350, 100, 100));
Mat imageROI(A, Rect(800, 350, 100, 100));
Mat E=Mat::zeros(100, 100, CV_8UC1);
M.create(4, 4, CV_8UC2);

Mat类深拷贝、浅拷贝。例如：clone()和copyTo()为深拷贝，而“=”和copy()即为浅拷贝（只创建信息头）

3. 其他数据类

OpenCV 中还有一些其他常见的数据类：Point, Scalar, Size, Rect。书中讲的都很好。本P100页“其他常用的知识点”，很实用。

4. 本节函数清单

三：相关源码及解析

1. 基础图像容器Mat类的使用

源码：

#include<opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
using namespace cv;
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    Mat I = Mat::eye(4, 4, CV_64F);
    I.at<double>(1, 1) = CV_PI;
    cout << "\nI = " << I << ";\n" << endl;

    Mat r = Mat(10, 3, CV_8UC3);
    randu(r, Scalar::all(0), Scalar::all(255));
    cout << "r (OpenCV默认风格) = " << r << ";" << endl << endl;
    cout << "r (Python风格) = " << format(r, Formatter::FMT_PYTHON) << ";" << endl << endl;
    cout << "r (Numpy风格) = " << format(r, Formatter::FMT_NUMPY) << ";" << endl << endl;
    cout << "r (逗号分隔风格) = " << format(r, Formatter::FMT_CSV) << ";" << endl << endl;
    cout << "r (C语言风格) = " << format(r, Formatter::FMT_C) << ";" << endl << endl;

    Point2f p(6, 2);
    cout << " 【2维点】p = " << p << ";" << endl;
    Point3f p3f(8, 2, 0);
    cout << " 【3维点】p3f = " << p3f << ";" << endl;
    vector<float> v;
    v.push_back(3); v.push_back(5); v.push_back(7);
    cout << "【基于Mat的vector】shortvec = " << Mat(v) << ";" << endl;
    vector<Point2f> points(20);
    for (size_t i = 0; i < points.size(); i++)
        points[i] = Point2f((float)(i*5), (float)(i%7));
    cout << "【二维点向量】points = " << points << ";";

    waitKey(0);
    return 0;
}

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2. Mat数据逐像素的读写

源码：

#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>  
using namespace cv;

int writeGrayimByAt(Mat m);
int writeGrayimByIt(Mat m);
int writeColorimByAt(Mat m);
int writeColorimByIt(Mat m);

int main()
{
    Mat grayim(128, 160, CV_8UC1, Scalar(0, 0, 255));
    writeGrayimByAt(grayim);
    writeGrayimByIt(grayim);
    Mat colorim(128, 160, CV_8UC3, Scalar(0, 0, 255));
    writeColorimByAt(colorim);
    writeColorimByIt(colorim);
    return 0;
}

int writeGrayimByAt(Mat m) {
    for (int i = 0; i < m.rows; i++)
        for (int j = 0; j < m.cols; j++)
            m.at<uchar>(i, j) = i;
    return 0;
}
int writeGrayimByIt(Mat m) {
    MatIterator_<uchar> grayit, grayend;
    int i = 0;
    for (grayit = m.begin<uchar>(), grayend = m.end<uchar>(); grayit != grayend; ++grayit, ++i)
        *grayit = i / m.cols;
    return 0;
}
int writeColorimByAt(Mat m) {
    for (int i = 0; i < m.rows; i++)
        for (int j = 0; j < m.cols; j++) {
            Vec3b pixel;
            pixel[0] = i;
            pixel[1] = j;
            pixel[2] = 255;
            m.at<Vec3b>(i, j) = pixel;
        }
    return 0;
}
int writeColorimByIt(Mat m) {
    MatIterator_<Vec3b> colorit, colorend;
    int i = 0;
    for (colorit = m.begin<Vec3b>(), colorend = m.end<Vec3b>(); colorit != colorend; ++colorit, ++i) {
        (*colorit)[0] = i / m.cols;
        (*colorit)[1] = i % m.cols;
        (*colorit)[2] = 255;
    }
    return 0;
}

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3. 基本图像的绘制

源码：

#include<opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include<vector>
using namespace cv;
using namespace std;

#define WINDOW_NAME1 "【原子示例图】"
#define WINDOW_NAME2 "【组合图】"
#define WINDOW_WIDTH 600  //定义窗口大小的宏

vector<Point> rookPoints = { Point(1 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, 7 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8),
                            Point(3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, 7 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8),
                            Point(3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, 13 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 16),
                            Point(11 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 16, 13 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 16),
                            Point(19 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 32, 3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8),
                            Point(3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, 3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8),
                            Point(3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, 1 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8),
                            Point(26 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 40, 1 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8),
                            Point(26 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 40, 1 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 4),
                            Point(22 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 40, 1 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 4),
                            Point(22 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 40, 1 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8),
                            Point(18 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 40, 1 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8),
                            Point(18 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 40, 1 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 4),
                            Point(14 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 40, 1 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 4),
                            Point(14 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 40, 1 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8),
                            Point(1 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, 1 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8),
                            Point(1 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, 3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8),
                            Point(13 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 32, 3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8),
                            Point(5 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 16, 13 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 16),
                            Point(1 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, 13 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 16), };

int main() {
    Mat atomImage = Mat::zeros(WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_WIDTH, CV_8UC3);
    Mat rookImage = Mat::zeros(WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_WIDTH, CV_8UC3);

    ellipse(atomImage,Point(WINDOW_WIDTH/2, WINDOW_WIDTH/2), Size(WINDOW_WIDTH/4, WINDOW_WIDTH/16), 90, 0, 360, Scalar(255, 129, 0), 2);
    ellipse(atomImage, Point(WINDOW_WIDTH / 2, WINDOW_WIDTH / 2), Size(WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, WINDOW_WIDTH / 16), 0, 0, 360, Scalar(255, 129, 0), 2);
    ellipse(atomImage, Point(WINDOW_WIDTH / 2, WINDOW_WIDTH / 2), Size(WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, WINDOW_WIDTH / 16), 45, 0, 360, Scalar(255, 129, 0), 2);
    ellipse(atomImage, Point(WINDOW_WIDTH / 2, WINDOW_WIDTH / 2), Size(WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, WINDOW_WIDTH / 16), -45, 0, 360, Scalar(255, 129, 0), 2);
    circle(atomImage, Point(WINDOW_WIDTH / 2, WINDOW_WIDTH / 2), WINDOW_WIDTH / 32, Scalar(0, 0, 255), -1);

    vector<vector<Point> > rp = { rookPoints };  //注意，必须将其再加一层vector
    fillPoly(rookImage, rp, Scalar(255, 255, 255));
    rectangle(rookImage, Point(0, 7*WINDOW_WIDTH/8), Point(WINDOW_WIDTH, WINDOW_WIDTH), Scalar(0, 255, 255), -1);
    line(rookImage, Point(0, 15*WINDOW_WIDTH/16), Point(WINDOW_WIDTH, 15*WINDOW_WIDTH/16), Scalar(0, 0, 0), 2);
    line(rookImage, Point(1 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, 7 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8), Point(WINDOW_WIDTH/4, WINDOW_WIDTH), Scalar(0, 0, 0), 2);
    line(rookImage, Point(1 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 2, 7 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8), Point(WINDOW_WIDTH/2, WINDOW_WIDTH), Scalar(0, 0, 0), 2);
    line(rookImage, Point(3 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 4, 7 * WINDOW_WIDTH / 8), Point(3*WINDOW_WIDTH/4, WINDOW_WIDTH), Scalar(0, 0, 0), 2);

    imshow(WINDOW_NAME1, atomImage);
    moveWindow(WINDOW_NAME1, 0, 200);
    imshow(WINDOW_NAME2, rookImage);
    moveWindow(WINDOW_NAME2, WINDOW_WIDTH, 200);

    waitKey(0);
    return 0;
}

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