分布式日志收集框架Flume学习笔记

业务现状分析

我们有很多servers和systems，比如network device、operating system、web server、Application，他们会产生日志和其他数据，如何使用这些数据呢？可以把源系统的日志数据移到分布式的存储和计算框架上处理，如何解决？

• shell cp hadoop集群的机器上，hadoop fs -put …，有一系列问题，容错、负载均衡、高延时、压缩等。
• Flume，把A端的数据移到B端，通过写配置文件可以cover掉大部分的应用场景。

Flume概述

Flume is a distributed, reliable, and available service for efficiently collecting(收集) aggregating(聚合), and moving(移动) large amounts of log data.

webserver(源端) ===> flume ===> hdfs(目的地)

Flume架构及核心组件

• Source, 收集
• Channel, 聚集
• Sink, 输出

Flume环境部署

Flume安装前置条件，版本Flume 1.7.0，

1. Java Runtime Environment - Java 1.7 or later
2. Memory - Sufficient memory for configurations used by sources, channels or sinks
3. Disk Space - Sufficient disk space for configurations used by channels or sinks
4. Directory Permissions - Read/Write permissions for directories used by agent

安装jdk，下载，解压到目标目录，配置到系统环境变量中~/.bash_profile，source让其配置生效，验证java -version。

安装Flume，下载，解压到目标目录，配置到系统环境变量中~/.bash_profile，source让其配置生效，修改配置文件$FLUME_HOME/conf/flume-env.sh，配置Flume的JAVA_HOME，验证flume-ng version。

Flume实战案例

应用需求1：从指定网络端口采集数据输出到控制台。

技术选型：netcat source + memory channel + logger sink。

使用Flume的关键就是写配置文件，

• 配置Source
• 配置Channel
• 配置Sink
• 把以上三个组件串起来

a1: agent的名称，r1: source的名称，k1: sink的名称，c1: chanel的名称

 1# example.conf: A single-node Flume configuration
 2# Name the components on this agent
 3a1.sources = r1
 4a1.sinks = k1
 5a1.channels = c1
 6# Describe/configure the source
 7a1.sources.r1.type = netcat
 8a1.sources.r1.bind = 192.168.169.100
 9a1.sources.r1.port = 44444
10# Describe the sink
11a1.sinks.k1.type = logger
12# Use a channel which buffers events in memory
13a1.channels.c1.type = memory
14# Bind the source and sink to the channel
15a1.sources.r1.channels = c1
16a1.sinks.k1.channel = c1

注意：一个source可以输出到多个channel，一个sink只能从一个channel过来。

1a1.sources.r1.channels = c1
2a1.sinks.k1.channel = c1

启动agent，

1# bin/flume-ng agent -n $agent_name -c conf -f conf/flume-conf.properties.template
2bin/flume-ng agent \
3--name a1 \
4--conf $FLUME_HOME/conf/myconf \
5--conf-file $FLUME_HOME/conf/myconf/example.conf \
6-Dflume.root.logger=INFO,console

配置telnet客户端与服务端，

 1rpm -qa | grep telnet
 2yum list | grep telnet
 3yum install -y telnet telnet-server
 4# 将telnet服务设置为默认启动（可选）
 5cd /etc/xinetd.d
 6cp telnet telnet.bak
 7vi telent
 8disable = no
 9# 启动telnet和验证
10service xinetd start
11telnet localhost

使用telnet进行测试，

1telnet 192.168.169.100 44444
2hello
3world

Event是Flume数据传输的基本单元，Event = 可选的header + byte array。

应用需求2：监控一个文件实时采集新增的数据输出到控制台。

Agent选型：exec source + memory channel + logger sink。

 1# exec-memory-logger.conf
 2# Name the components on this agent
 3a1.sources = r1
 4a1.sinks = k1
 5a1.channels = c1
 6# Describe/configure the source
 7a1.sources.r1.type = exec
 8a1.sources.r1.command = tail -F /export/data/flume_sources/data.log
 9a1.sources.r1.shell = /bin/sh -c
10# Describe the sink
11a1.sinks.k1.type = logger
12# Use a channel which buffers events in memory
13a1.channels.c1.type = memory
14# Bind the source and sink to the channel
15a1.sources.r1.channels = c1
16a1.sinks.k1.channel = c1

启动agent，

1# bin/flume-ng agent -n $agent_name -c conf -f conf/flume-conf.properties.template
2bin/flume-ng agent \
3--name a1 \
4--conf $FLUME_HOME/conf/myconf \
5--conf-file $FLUME_HOME/conf/myconf/exec-memory-logger.conf \
6-Dflume.root.logger=INFO,console

验证，

1echo hello >> data.log
2echo world >> data.log

应用需求3：将A服务器上的日志实时采集到B服务器。

日志收集过程：

• 机器A上监控一个文件，当我们访问主站时会有用户行为日志记录到access.log中。
• avro sink把新产生的日志输出到对应的avro source指定的hostname和port上。
• 通过avro source对应的agent将我们的日志输出到控制台（Kafka）。

技术选型：

exec-memory-avro.conf: exec source + memory channel + avro sink

avro-memory-logger.conf: avro source + memory channel + logger sink

 1# exec-memory-avro.conf
 2# Name the components on this agent
 3exec-memory-avro.sources = exec-source
 4exec-memory-avro.sinks = avro-sink
 5exec-memory-avro.channels = memory-channel
 6# Describe/configure the source
 7exec-memory-avro.sources.exec-source.type = exec
 8exec-memory-avro.sources.exec-source.command = tail -F /export/data/flume_sources/data.log
 9exec-memory-avro.sources.exec-source.shell = /bin/sh -c
10# Describe the sink
11exec-memory-avro.sinks.avro-sink.type = avro
12exec-memory-avro.sinks.avro-sink.hostname = 192.168.169.100
13exec-memory-avro.sinks.avro-sink.port = 44444
14# Use a channel which buffers events in memory
15exec-memory-avro.channels.memory-channel.type = memory
16# Bind the source and sink to the channel
17exec-memory-avro.sources.exec-source.channels = memory-channel
18exec-memory-avro.sinks.avro-sink.channel = memory-channel

 1# avro-memory-logger.conf
 2# Name the components on this agent
 3avro-memory-logger.sources = avro-source
 4avro-memory-logger.sinks = logger-sink
 5avro-memory-logger.channels = memory-channel
 6# Describe/configure the source
 7avro-memory-logger.sources.avro-source.type = avro
 8avro-memory-logger.sources.avro-source.bind = 192.168.169.100
 9avro-memory-logger.sources.avro-source.port = 44444
10# Describe the sink
11avro-memory-logger.sinks.logger-sink.type = logger
12# Use a channel which buffers events in memory
13avro-memory-logger.channels.memory-channel.type = memory
14# Bind the source and sink to the channel
15avro-memory-logger.sources.avro-source.channels = memory-channel
16avro-memory-logger.sinks.logger-sink.channel = memory-channel

验证，先启动avro-memory-logger.conf，因为它监听192.168.169.100的44444端口，

1# bin/flume-ng agent -n $agent_name -c conf -f conf/flume-conf.properties.template
2bin/flume-ng agent \
3--name avro-memory-logger \
4--conf $FLUME_HOME/conf/myconf \
5--conf-file $FLUME_HOME/conf/myconf/avro-memory-logger.conf \
6-Dflume.root.logger=INFO,console

1# bin/flume-ng agent -n $agent_name -c conf -f conf/flume-conf.properties.template
2bin/flume-ng agent \
3--name exec-memory-avro \
4--conf $FLUME_HOME/conf/myconf \
5--conf-file $FLUME_HOME/conf/myconf/exec-memory-avro.conf \
6-Dflume.root.logger=INFO,console

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