amixer,aplay,arecord交叉编译及使用

本文介绍了如何交叉编译和使用Linux ALSA命令行工具amixer(控制音频设置)、aplay(播放音频)和arecord(录音)。通过amixer的controls和contents命令来查看和设置音频控制项,使用arecord和aplay指定声卡设备、采样频率和格式进行录音和播放操作。还涉及到交叉编译alsa-lib和alsa-utils的过程。

一.amixer用于控制设置 

amixer的帮助提示信息

Usage: amixer <options> [command]

Available options:
  -h,--help       this help
  -c,--card N     select the card
  -D,--device N   select the device, default 'default'
  -d,--debug      debug mode
  -n,--nocheck    do not perform range checking
  -v,--version    print version of this program
  -q,--quiet      be quiet
  -i,--inactive   show also inactive controls
  -a,--abstract L select abstraction level (none or basic)
  -s,--stdin      Read and execute commands from stdin sequentially

Available commands:
  scontrols       show all mixer simple controls
  scontents       show contents of all mixer simple controls (default command)
  sset sID P      set contents for one mixer simple control
  sget sID        get contents for one mixer simple control
  controls        show all controls for given card
  contents        show contents of all controls for given card
  cset cID P      set control contents for one control
  cget cID        get control contents for one control


主要用到的命令参数有

controls:列出控制项

contents:列出控制上下文(也就是控制项和值)

cset cID P:设置控制项值

cget cID:获取设置项值

使用方法:

1.先amixer controls列出所有控制项

numid=1,iface=MIXER,name='PCM Playback Volume'
numid=22,iface=MIXER,name='Line DAC Playback Volume'
numid=20,iface=MIXER,name='Line Line2 Bypass Volume'
numid=21,iface=MIXER,name='Line PGA Bypass Volume'
numid=32,iface=MIXER,name='Line Playback Switch'
numid=25,iface=MIXER,name='Mono DAC Playback Volume'
numid=23,iface=MIXER,name='Mono Line2 Bypass Volume'
numid=66,iface=MIXER,name='Mono Mixer DACL1 Switch'
numid=69,iface=MIXER,name='Mono Mixer DACR1 Switch'
numid=64,iface=MIXER,name='Mono Mixer Line2L Bypass Switch'
numid=67,iface=MIXER,name='Mono Mixer Line2R Bypass Switch'
numid=65,iface=MIXER,name='Mono Mixer PGAL Bypass Switch'
numid=68,iface=MIXER,name='Mono Mixer PGAR Bypass Switch'
numid=24,iface=MIXER,name='Mono PGA Bypass Volume'
numid=33,iface=MIXER,name='Mono Playback Switch'
numid=39,iface=MIXER,name='ADC HPF Cut-off'
numid=36,iface=MIXER,name='AGC Switch'
numid=28,iface=MIXER,name='HP DAC Playback Volume'
numid=26,iface=MIXER,name='HP Line2 Bypass Volume'
numid=27,iface=MIXER,name='HP PGA Bypass Volume'
numid=34,iface=MIXER,name='HP Playback Switch'
numid=31,iface=MIXER,name='HPCOM DAC Playback Volume'
numid=29,iface=MIXER,name='HPCOM Line2 Bypass Volume'
numid=30,iface=MIXER,name='HPCOM PGA Bypass Volume'
numid=35,iface=MIXER,name='HPCOM Playback Switch'
numid=101,iface=MIXER,name='Left DAC Mux'
numid=60,iface=MIXER,name='Left HP Mixer DACL1 Switch'
numid=10,iface=MIXER,name='Left HP Mixer DACR1 Playback Volume'
numid=63,iface=MIXER,name='Left HP Mixer DACR1 Switch'
numid=58,iface=MIXER,name='Left HP Mixer Line2L Bypass Switch'
numid=61,iface=MIXER,name='Left HP Mixer Line2R Bypass Switch'
numid=8,iface=MIXER,name='Left HP Mixer Line2R Bypass Volume'
numid=59,iface=MIXER,name='Left HP Mixer PGAL Bypass Switch'
numid=62,iface=MIXER,name='Left HP Mixer PGAR Bypass Switch'
numid=9,iface=MIXER,name='Left HP Mixer PGAR Bypass Volume'
numid=48,iface=MIXER,name='Left HPCOM Mixer DACL1 Switch'
numid=16,iface=MIXER,name='Left HPCOM Mixer DACR1 Playback Volume'
numid=51,iface=MIXER,name='Left HPCOM Mixer DACR1 Switch'
numid=46,iface=MIXER,name='Left HPCOM Mixer Line2L Bypass Switch'
numid=49,iface=MIXER,name='Left HPCOM Mixer Line2R Bypass Switch'
numid=14,iface=MIXER,name='Left HPCOM Mixer Line2R Bypass Volume'
numid=47,iface=MIXER,name='Left HPCOM Mixer PGAL Bypass Switch'
numid=50,iface=MIXER,name='Left HPCOM Mixer PGAR Bypass Switch'
numid=15,iface=MIXER,name='Left HPCOM Mixer PGAR Bypass Volume'
numid=100,iface=MIXER,name='Left HPCOM Mux'
numid=78,iface=MIXER,name='Left Line Mixer DACL1 Switch'
numid=4,iface=MIXER,name='Left Line Mixer DACR1 Playback Volume'
numid=81,iface=MIXER,name='Left Line Mixer DACR1 Switch'
numid=76,iface=MIXER,name='Left Line Mixer Line2L Bypass Switch'
numid=79,iface=MIXER,name='Left Line Mixer Line2R Bypass Switch'
numid=2,iface=MIXER,name='Left Line Mixer Line2R Bypass Volume'
numid=77,iface=MIXER,name='Left Line Mixer PGAL Bypass Switch'
numid=80,iface=MIXER,name='Left Line Mixer PGAR Bypass Switch'
numid=3,iface=MIXER,name='Left Line Mixer PGAR Bypass Volume'
numid=92,iface=MIXER,name='Left Line1L Mux'
numid=91,iface=MIXER,name='Left Line1R Mux'
numid=90,iface=MIXER,name='Left Line2L Mux'
numid=93,iface=MIXER,name='Left PGA Mixer Line1L Switch'
numid=94,iface=MIXER,name='Left PGA Mixer Line1R Switch'
numid=95,iface=MIXER,name='Left PGA Mixer Line2L Switch'
numid=96,iface=MIXER,name='Left PGA Mixer Mic3L Switch'
numid=97,iface=MIXER,name='Left PGA Mixer Mic3R Switch'
numid=38,iface=MIXER,name='PGA Capture Switch'
numid=37,iface=MIXER,name='PGA Capture Volume'
numid=99,iface=MIXER,name='Right DAC Mux'
numid=13,iface=MIXER,name='Right HP Mixer DACL1 Playback Volume'
numid=54,iface=MIXER,name='Right HP Mixer DACL1 Switch'
numid=57,iface=MIXER,name='Right HP Mixer DACR1 Switch'
numid=52,iface=MIXER,name='Right HP Mixer Line2L Bypass Switch'
numid=11,iface=MIXER,name='Right HP Mixer Line2L Bypass Volume'
numid=55,iface=MIXER,name='Right HP Mixer Line2R Bypass Switch'
numid=53,iface=MIXER,name='Right HP Mixer PGAL Bypass Switch'
numid=12,iface=MIXER,name='Right HP Mixer PGAL Bypass Volume'
numid=56,iface=MIXER,name='Right HP Mixer PGAR Bypass Switch'
numid=19,iface=MIXER,name='Right HPCOM Mixer DACL1 Playback Volume'
numid=42,iface=MIXER,name='Right HPCOM Mixer DACL1 Switch'
numid=45,iface=MIXER,name='Right HPCOM Mixer DACR1 Switch'
numid=40,iface=MIXER,name='Right HPCOM Mixer Line2L Bypass Switch'
numid=17,iface=MIXER,name='Right HPCOM Mixer Line2L Bypass Volume'
numid=43,iface=MIXER,name='Right HPCOM Mixer Line2R Bypass Switch'
numid=41,iface=MIXER,name='Right HPCOM Mixer PGAL Bypass Switch'
numid=18,iface=MIXER,name='Right HPCOM Mixer PGAL Bypass Volume'
numid=44,iface=MIXER,name='Right HPCOM Mixer PGAR Bypass Switch'
numid=98,iface=MIXER,name='Right HPCOM Mux'
numid=7,iface=MIXER,name='Right Line Mixer DACL1 Playback Volume'
numid=72,iface=MIXER,name='Right Line Mixer DACL1 Switch'
numid=75,iface=MIXER,name='Right Line Mixer DACR1 Switch'
numid=70,iface=MIXER,name='Right Line Mixer Line2L Bypa
<think>我们正在讨论amixer使用,这是一个用于控制ALSA声卡的命令行工具。根据引用[1]和[2],我们了解到amixeralsamixer的命令行版本,用于配置音频参数。 用户的问题:我想调整或控制音频设置,请问amixer audio control usage 因此,我们需要向用户解释如何使用amixer来控制音频设置。 步骤: 1. 介绍amixer的基本用法(获取帮助、列出设备、控制音量、开关通道等) 2. 提供常用命令示例 3. 注意事项 注意:根据引用[1],amixer相对alsamixer(图形界面)来说更繁琐,但我们可以通过一些常用命令来简化操作。 由于引用[2]中给出了一个使用arecord录音的例子,但用户的问题是关于amixer的,所以我们将重点放在amixer上。 回答结构: 1. 简介amixer 2. 基本命令格式 3. 常用操作示例 4. 注意事项 同时,根据指令,我们需要在最后生成相关问题。</think>### amixer 音频控制使用指南 `amixer` 是 ALSA(Advanced Linux Sound Architecture)的命令行音频控制工具,用于调整声卡参数(如音量、通道开关等),比图形化工具 `alsamixer` 更灵活但需手动输入命令[^1]。以下是核心用法: --- #### **1. 基础命令格式** ```bash amixer [选项] [控制指令] [参数] ``` --- #### **2. 常用操作示例** | **功能** | **命令示例** | **说明** | |------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------| | **查看所有控制器** | `amixer controls` | 列出声卡所有可调参数(如音量、开关) | | **查看参数值** | `amixer sget Master` | 显示 `Master`(主音量)的当前值 | | **设置音量** | `amixer sset 'Master' 50%`<br>`amixer sset 'Headphone' 80%` | 将主音量设为 50%,耳机音量设为 80% | | **静音/取消静音** | `amixer sset 'Master' toggle`<br>`amixer sset 'Mic' mute` | 切换主音量静音 / 强制麦克风静音 | | **多通道控制** | `amixer -c 1 sset 'PCM' 90%` | 指定声卡编号(`-c 1`)设置 PCM 通道音量 | | **增量调节** | `amixer sset 'Master' 5%+`<br>`amixer sset 'Master' 5%-` | 音量增加/减少 5% | --- #### **3. 关键选项** - `-c N`:指定声卡编号(如 `-c 0` 表示第一张声卡) - `-D dev`:指定设备名(如 `-D hw:0,0` 表示硬件设备 0,0) - `-M`:使用百分比映射(兼容部分声卡的非线性音量) --- #### **4. 实用技巧** - **查找控制器名称**: 先运行 `amixer controls` 查看参数名(如 `'Master Playback Volume'`),再用于 `sset` 命令。 - **批量设置**: ```bash amixer sset 'Master' 80% && amixer sset 'Mic' 0% # 同时设置主音量和麦克风 ``` - **状态监控**: `watch -n 1 amixer sget Master` # 每秒刷新主音量值 --- #### **5. 注意事项** - 控制器名称需用单引号包裹(如 `'Line Out'`),避免空格导致的错误。 - 部分声卡需 `sudo` 权限才能修改设置。 - 若命令无效,检查声卡编号:`aplay -l` 查看可用设备。 > 示例参考:通过 `amixer` 调节录音参数(如麦克风增益)可优化 `arecord` 的录制效果[^2]。
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