合并
连接
pandas提供各种工具以简便合并序列,数据桢,和组合对象, 在连接/合并类型操作中使用多种类型索引和相关数学函数.
请参阅合并部分
把pandas对象连接到一起
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In
[
73
]
:
df
=
pd
.
DataFrame
(
np
.
random
.
randn
(
10
,
4
)
)
In
[
74
]
:
df
Out
[
74
]
:
0
1
2
3
0
-
0.548702
1.467327
-
1.015962
-
0.483075
1
1.637550
-
1.217659
-
0.291519
-
1.745505
2
-
0.263952
0.991460
-
0.919069
0.266046
3
-
0.709661
1.669052
1.037882
-
1.705775
4
-
0.919854
-
0.042379
1.247642
-
0.009920
5
0.290213
0.495767
0.362949
1.548106
6
-
1.131345
-
0.089329
0.337863
-
0.945867
7
-
0.932132
1.956030
0.017587
-
0.016692
8
-
0.575247
0.254161
-
1.143704
0.215897
9
1.193555
-
0.077118
-
0.408530
-
0.862495
# break it into pieces
In
[
75
]
:
pieces
=
[
df
[
:
3
]
,
df
[
3
:
7
]
,
df
[
7
:
]
]
In
[
76
]
:
pd
.
concat
(
pieces
)
Out
[
76
]
:
0
1
2
3
0
-
0.548702
1.467327
-
1.015962
-
0.483075
1
1.637550
-
1.217659
-
0.291519
-
1.745505
2
-
0.263952
0.991460
-
0.919069
0.266046
3
-
0.709661
1.669052
1.037882
-
1.705775
4
-
0.919854
-
0.042379
1.247642
-
0.009920
5
0.290213
0.495767
0.362949
1.548106
6
-
1.131345
-
0.089329
0.337863
-
0.945867
7
-
0.932132
1.956030
0.017587
-
0.016692
8
-
0.575247
0.254161
-
1.143704
0.215897
9
1.193555
-
0.077118
-
0.408530
-
0.862495
|
连接
SQL样式合并. 请参阅 数据库style联接
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In
[
77
]
:
left
=
pd
.
DataFrame
(
{
'key'
:
[
'foo'
,
'foo'
]
,
'lval'
:
[
1
,
2
]
}
)
In
[
78
]
:
right
=
pd
.
DataFrame
(
{
'key'
:
[
'foo'
,
'foo'
]
,
'rval'
:
[
4
,
5
]
}
)
In
[
79
]
:
left
Out
[
79
]
:
key
lval
0
foo
1
1
foo
2
In
[
80
]
:
right
Out
[
80
]
:
key
rval
0
foo
4
1
foo
5
In
[
81
]
:
pd
.
merge
(
left
,
right
,
on
=
'key'
)
Out
[
81
]
:
key
lval
rval
0
foo
1
4
1
foo
1
5
2
foo
2
4
3
foo
2
5
|
添加
添加行到数据增. 参阅 添加
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In
[
82
]
:
df
=
pd
.
DataFrame
(
np
.
random
.
randn
(
8
,
4
)
,
columns
=
[
'A'
,
'B'
,
'C'
,
'D'
]
)
In
[
83
]
:
df
Out
[
83
]
:
A
B
C
D
0
1.346061
1.511763
1.627081
-
0.990582
1
-
0.441652
1.211526
0.268520
0.024580
2
-
1.577585
0.396823
-
0.105381
-
0.532532
3
1.453749
1.208843
-
0.080952
-
0.264610
4
-
0.727965
-
0.589346
0.339969
-
0.693205
5
-
0.339355
0.593616
0.884345
1.591431
6
0.141809
0.220390
0.435589
0.192451
7
-
0.096701
0.803351
1.715071
-
0.708758
In
[
84
]
:
s
=
df
.
iloc
[
3
]
In
[
85
]
:
df
.
append
(
s
,
ignore_index
=
True
)
Out
[
85
]
:
A
B
C
D
0
1.346061
1.511763
1.627081
-
0.990582
1
-
0.441652
1.211526
0.268520
0.024580
2
-
1.577585
0.396823
-
0.105381
-
0.532532
3
1.453749
1.208843
-
0.080952
-
0.264610
4
-
0.727965
-
0.589346
0.339969
-
0.693205
5
-
0.339355
0.593616
0.884345
1.591431
6
0.141809
0.220390
0.435589
0.192451
7
-
0.096701
0.803351
1.715071
-
0.708758
8
1.453749
1.208843
-
0.080952
-
0.264610
|
分组
对于“group by”指的是以下一个或多个处理
- 将数据按某些标准分割为不同的组
- 在每个独立组上应用函数
- 组合结果为一个数据结构
请参阅 分组部分
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In
[
86
]
:
df
=
pd
.
DataFrame
(
{
'A'
:
[
'foo'
,
'bar'
,
'foo'
,
'bar'
,
.
.
.
.
:
'foo'
,
'bar'
,
'foo'
,
'foo'
]
,
.
.
.
.
:
'B'
:
[
'one'
,
'one'
,
'two'
,
'three'
,
.
.
.
.
:
'two'
,
'two'
,
'one'
,
'three'
]
,
.
.
.
.
:
'C'
:
np
.
random
.
randn
(
8
)
,
.
.
.
.
:
'D'
:
np
.
random
.
randn
(
8
)
}
)
.
.
.
.
:
In
[
87
]
:
df
Out
[
87
]
:
A
B
C
D
0
foo
one
-
1.202872
-
0.055224
1
bar
one
-
1.814470
2.395985
2
foo
two
1.018601
1.552825
3
bar
three
-
0.595447
0.166599
4
foo
two
1.395433
0.047609
5
bar
two
-
0.392670
-
0.136473
6
foo
one
0.007207
-
0.561757
7
foo
three
1.928123
-
1.623033
|
分组然后应用函数统计总和存放到结果组
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6
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In
[
88
]
:
df
.
groupby
(
'A'
)
.
sum
(
)
Out
[
88
]
:
C
D
A
bar
-
2.802588
2.42611
foo
3.146492
-
0.63958
|
按多列分组为层次索引,然后应用函数
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In
[
89
]
:
df
.
groupby
(
[
'A'
,
'B'
]
)
.
sum
(
)
Out
[
89
]
:
C
D
A
B
bar
one
-
1.814470
2.395985
three
-
0.595447
0.166599
two
-
0.392670
-
0.136473
foo
one
-
1.195665
-
0.616981
three
1.928123
-
1.623033
two
2.414034
1.600434
|
重塑
堆叠
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In
[
90
]
:
tuples
=
list
(
zip
(
*
[
[
'bar'
,
'bar'
,
'baz'
,
'baz'
,
.
.
.
.
:
'foo'
,
'foo'
,
'qux'
,
'qux'
]
,
.
.
.
.
:
[
'one'
,
'two'
,
'one'
,
'two'
,
.
.
.
.
:
'one'
,
'two'
,
'one'
,
'two'
]
]
)
)
.
.
.
.
:
In
[
91
]
:
index
=
pd
.
MultiIndex
.
from_tuples
(
tuples
,
names
=
[
'first'
,
'second'
]
)
In
[
92
]
:
df
=
pd
.
DataFrame
(
np
.
random
.
randn
(
8
,
2
)
,
index
=
index
,
columns
=
[
'A'
,
'B'
]
)
In
[
93
]
:
df2
=
df
[
:
4
]
In
[
94
]
:
df2
Out
[
94
]
:
A
B
first
second
bar
one
0.029399
-
0.542108
two
0.282696
-
0.087302
baz
one
-
1.575170
1.771208
two
0.816482
1.100230
|
堆叠 函数 “压缩” 数据桢的列一个级别.
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13
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In
[
95
]
:
stacked
=
df2
.
stack
(
)
In
[
96
]
:
stacked
Out
[
96
]
:
first
second
bar
one
A
0.029399
B
-
0.542108
two
A
0.282696
B
-
0.087302
baz
one
A
-
1.575170
B
1.771208
two
A
0.816482
B
1.100230
dtype
:
float64
|
被“堆叠”数据桢或序列(有多个索引作为索引), 其堆叠的反向操作是未堆栈, 上面的数据默认反堆叠到上一级别:
|
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23
24
25
26
|
In
[
97
]
:
stacked
.
unstack
(
)
Out
[
97
]
:
A
B
first
second
bar
one
0.029399
-
0.542108
two
0.282696
-
0.087302
baz
one
-
1.575170
1.771208
two
0.816482
1.100230
In
[
98
]
:
stacked
.
unstack
(
1
)
Out
[
98
]
:
second
one
two
first
bar
A
0.029399
0.282696
B
-
0.542108
-
0.087302
baz
A
-
1.575170
0.816482
B
1.771208
1.100230
In
[
99
]
:
stacked
.
unstack
(
0
)
Out
[
99
]
:
first
bar
baz
second
one
A
0.029399
-
1.575170
B
-
0.542108
1.771208
two
A
0.282696
0.816482
B
-
0.087302
1.100230
|
数据透视表
查看数据透视表.
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In
[
100
]
:
df
=
pd
.
DataFrame
(
{
'A'
:
[
'one'
,
'one'
,
'two'
,
'three'
]
*
3
,
.
.
.
.
.
:
'B'
:
[
'A'
,
'B'
,
'C'
]
*
4
,
.
.
.
.
.
:
'C'
:
[
'foo'
,
'foo'
,
'foo'
,
'bar'
,
'bar'
,
'bar'
]
*
2
,
.
.
.
.
.
:
'D'
:
np
.
random
.
randn
(
12
)
,
.
.
.
.
.
:
'E'
:
np
.
random
.
randn
(
12
)
}
)
.
.
.
.
.
:
In
[
101
]
:
df
Out
[
101
]
:
A
B
C
D
E
0
one
A
foo
1.418757
-
0.179666
1
one
B
foo
-
1.879024
1.291836
2
two
C
foo
0.536826
-
0.009614
3
three
A
bar
1.006160
0.392149
4
one
B
bar
-
0.029716
0.264599
5
one
C
bar
-
1.146178
-
0.057409
6
two
A
foo
0.100900
-
1.425638
7
three
B
foo
-
1.035018
1.024098
8
one
C
foo
0.314665
-
0.106062
9
one
A
bar
-
0.773723
1.824375
10
two
B
bar
-
1.170653
0.595974
11
three
C
bar
0.648740
1.167115
|
我们可以从此数据非常容易的产生数据透视表:
|
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12
13
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In
[
102
]
:
pd
.
pivot_table
(
df
,
values
=
'D'
,
index
=
[
'A'
,
'B'
]
,
columns
=
[
'C'
]
)
Out
[
102
]
:
C
bar
foo
A
B
one
A
-
0.773723
1.418757
B
-
0.029716
-
1.879024
C
-
1.146178
0.314665
three
A
1.006160
NaN
B
NaN
-
1.035018
C
0.648740
NaN
two
A
NaN
0.100900
B
-
1.170653
NaN
C
NaN
0.536826
|
时间序列
pandas有易用,强大且高效的函数用于高频数据重采样转换操作(例如,转换秒数据到5分钟数据), 这是很普遍的情况，但并不局限于金融应用, 请参阅时间序列章节
|
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5
6
|
In
[
103
]
:
rng
=
pd
.
date_range
(
'1/1/2012'
,
periods
=
100
,
freq
=
'S'
)
In
[
104
]
:
ts
=
pd
.
Series
(
np
.
random
.
randint
(
0
,
500
,
len
(
rng
)
)
,
index
=
rng
)
In
[
105
]
:
ts
.
resample
(
'5Min'
,
how
=
'sum'
)
Out
[
105
]
:
2012
-
01
-
01
25083
Freq
:
5T
,
dtype
:
int32
|
时区表示
|
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5
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9
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13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
|
In
[
106
]
:
rng
=
pd
.
date_range
(
'3/6/2012 00:00'
,
periods
=
5
,
freq
=
'D'
)
In
[
107
]
:
ts
=
pd
.
Series
(
np
.
random
.
randn
(
len
(
rng
)
)
,
rng
)
In
[
108
]
:
ts
Out
[
108
]
:
2012
-
03
-
06
0.464000
2012
-
03
-
07
0.227371
2012
-
03
-
08
-
0.496922
2012
-
03
-
09
0.306389
2012
-
03
-
10
-
2.290613
Freq
:
D
,
dtype
:
float64
In
[
109
]
:
ts_utc
=
ts
.
tz_localize
(
'UTC'
)
In
[
110
]
:
ts_utc
Out
[
110
]
:
2012
-
03
-
06
00
:
00
:
00
+
00
:
00
0.464000
2012
-
03
-
07
00
:
00
:
00
+
00
:
00
0.227371
2012
-
03
-
08
00
:
00
:
00
+
00
:
00
-
0.496922
2012
-
03
-
09
00
:
00
:
00
+
00
:
00
0.306389
2012
-
03
-
10
00
:
00
:
00
+
00
:
00
-
2.290613
Freq
:
D
,
dtype
:
float64
|
转换到其它时区
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
|
In
[
111
]
:
ts_utc
.
tz_convert
(
'US/Eastern'
)
Out
[
111
]
:
2012
-
03
-
05
19
:
00
:
00
-
05
:
00
0.464000
2012
-
03
-
06
19
:
00
:
00
-
05
:
00
0.227371
2012
-
03
-
07
19
:
00
:
00
-
05
:
00
-
0.496922
2012
-
03
-
08
19
:
00
:
00
-
05
:
00
0.306389
2012
-
03
-
09
19
:
00
:
00
-
05
:
00
-
2.290613
Freq
:
D
,
dtype
:
float64
|
转换不同的时间跨度
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17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
|
In
[
112
]
:
rng
=
pd
.
date_range
(
'1/1/2012'
,
periods
=
5
,
freq
=
'M'
)
In
[
113
]
:
ts
=
pd
.
Series
(
np
.
random
.
randn
(
len
(
rng
)
)
,
index
=
rng
)
In
[
114
]
:
ts
Out
[
114
]
:
2012
-
01
-
31
-
1.134623
2012
-
02
-
29
-
1.561819
2012
-
03
-
31
-
0.260838
2012
-
04
-
30
0.281957
2012
-
05
-
31
1.523962
Freq
:
M
,
dtype
:
float64
In
[
115
]
:
ps
=
ts
.
to_period
(
)
In
[
116
]
:
ps
Out
[
116
]
:
2012
-
01
-
1.134623
2012
-
02
-
1.561819
2012
-
03
-
0.260838
2012
-
04
0.281957
2012
-
05
1.523962
Freq
:
M
,
dtype
:
float64
In
[
117
]
:
ps
.
to_timestamp
(
)
Out
[
117
]
:
2012
-
01
-
01
-
1.134623
2012
-
02
-
01
-
1.561819
2012
-
03
-
01
-
0.260838
2012
-
04
-
01
0.281957
2012
-
05
-
01
1.523962
Freq
:
MS
,
dtype
:
float64
|
转换时段并且使用一些运算函数, 下例中, 我们转换年报11月到季度结束每日上午9点数据
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
|
In
[
118
]
:
prng
=
pd
.
period_range
(
'1990Q1'
,
'2000Q4'
,
freq
=
'Q-NOV'
)
In
[
119
]
:
ts
=
pd
.
Series
(
np
.
random
.
randn
(
len
(
prng
)
)
,
prng
)
In
[
120
]
:
ts
.
index
=
(
prng
.
asfreq
(
'M'
,
'e'
)
+
1
)
.
asfreq
(
'H'
,
's'
)
+
9
In
[
121
]
:
ts
.
head
(
)
Out
[
121
]
:
1990
-
03
-
01
09
:
00
-
0.902937
1990
-
06
-
01
09
:
00
0.068159
1990
-
09
-
01
09
:
00
-
0.057873
1990
-
12
-
01
09
:
00
-
0.368204
1991
-
03
-
01
09
:
00
-
1.144073
Freq
:
H
,
dtype
:
float64
|
分类
自版本0.15起, pandas可以在数据桢中包含分类. 完整的文档, 请查看分类介绍 and the API文档.
|
1
|
In
[
122
]
:
df
=
pd
.
DataFrame
(
{
"id"
:
[
1
,
2
,
3
,
4
,
5
,
6
]
,
"raw_grade"
:
[
'a'
,
'b'
,
'b'
,
'a'
,
'a'
,
'e'
]
}
)
|
转换原始类别为分类数据类型.
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
|
In
[
123
]
:
df
[
"grade"
]
=
df
[
"raw_grade"
]
.
astype
(
"category"
)
In
[
124
]
:
df
[
"grade"
]
Out
[
124
]
:
0
a
1
b
2
b
3
a
4
a
5
e
Name
:
grade
,
dtype
:
category
Categories
(
3
,
object
)
:
[
a
,
b
,
e
]
|
重命令分类为更有意义的名称 (分配到Series.cat.categories对应位置!)
|
1
|
In
[
125
]
:
df
[
"grade"
]
.
cat
.
categories
=
[
"very good"
,
"good"
,
"very bad"
]
|
重排顺分类,同时添加缺少的分类(序列 .cat方法下返回新默认序列)
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
|
In
[
126
]
:
df
[
"grade"
]
=
df
[
"grade"
]
.
cat
.
set_categories
(
[
"very bad"
,
"bad"
,
"medium"
,
"good"
,
"very good"
]
)
In
[
127
]
:
df
[
"grade"
]
Out
[
127
]
:
0
very
good
1
good
2
good
3
very
good
4
very
good
5
very
bad
Name
:
grade
,
dtype
:
category
Categories
(
5
,
object
)
:
[
very
bad
,
bad
,
medium
,
good
,
very
good
]
|
排列分类中的顺序,不是按词汇排列.
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
|
In
[
128
]
:
df
.
sort
(
"grade"
)
Out
[
128
]
:
id
raw_grade
grade
5
6
e
very
bad
1
2
b
good
2
3
b
good
0
1
a
very
good
3
4
a
very
good
4
5
a
very
good
|
类别列分组,并且也显示空类别.
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
|
In
[
129
]
:
df
.
groupby
(
"grade"
)
.
size
(
)
Out
[
129
]
:
grade
very
bad
1
bad
NaN
medium
NaN
good
2
very
good
3
dtype
:
float64
|
绘图
绘图文档.
|
1
2
3
4
|
In
[
130
]
:
ts
=
pd
.
Series
(
np
.
random
.
randn
(
1000
)
,
index
=
pd
.
date_range
(
'1/1/2000'
,
periods
=
1000
)
)
In
[
131
]
:
ts
=
ts
.
cumsum
(
)
In
[
132
]
:
ts
.
plot
(
)
Out
[
132
]
:
<
matplotlib
.
axes
.
_subplots
.
AxesSubplot
at
0xb02091ac
>
|
在数据桢中,可以很方便的绘制带标签列:
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
|
In
[
133
]
:
df
=
pd
.
DataFrame
(
np
.
random
.
randn
(
1000
,
4
)
,
index
=
ts
.
index
,
.
.
.
.
.
:
columns
=
[
'A'
,
'B'
,
'C'
,
'D'
]
)
.
.
.
.
.
:
In
[
134
]
:
df
=
df
.
cumsum
(
)
In
[
135
]
:
plt
.
figure
(
)
;
df
.
plot
(
)
;
plt
.
legend
(
loc
=
'best'
)
Out
[
135
]
:
<
matplotlib
.
legend
.
Legend
at
0xb01c9cac
>
|
获取数据输入/输出
CSV
|
1
|
In
[
136
]
:
df
.
to_csv
(
'foo.csv'
)
|
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
|
In
[
137
]
:
pd
.
read_csv
(
'foo.csv'
)
Out
[
137
]
:
Unnamed
:
0
A
B
C
D
0
2000
-
01
-
01
0.266457
-
0.399641
-
0.219582
1.186860
1
2000
-
01
-
02
-
1.170732
-
0.345873
1.653061
-
0.282953
2
2000
-
01
-
03
-
1.734933
0.530468
2.060811
-
0.515536
3
2000
-
01
-
04
-
1.555121
1.452620
0.239859
-
1.156896
4
2000
-
01
-
05
0.578117
0.511371
0.103552
-
2.428202
5
2000
-
01
-
06
0.478344
0.449933
-
0.741620
-
1.962409
6
2000
-
01
-
07
1.235339
-
0.091757
-
1.543861
-
1.084753
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
993
2002
-
09
-
20
-
10.628548
-
9.153563
-
7.883146
28.313940
994
2002
-
09
-
21
-
10.390377
-
8.727491
-
6.399645
30.914107
995
2002
-
09
-
22
-
8.985362
-
8.485624
-
4.669462
31.367740
996
2002
-
09
-
23
-
9.558560
-
8.781216
-
4.499815
30.518439
997
2002
-
09
-
24
-
9.902058
-
9.340490
-
4.386639
30.105593
998
2002
-
09
-
25
-
10.216020
-
9.480682
-
3.933802
29.758560
999
2002
-
09
-
26
-
11.856774
-
10.671012
-
3.216025
29.369368
[
1000
rows
x
5
columns
]
|
HDF5
读写HDF存储
写入HDF5存储
|
1
|
In
[
138
]
:
df
.
to_hdf
(
'foo.h5'
,
'df'
)
|
读取HDF5存储
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
|
In
[
139
]
:
pd
.
read_hdf
(
'foo.h5'
,
'df'
)
Out
[
139
]
:
A
B
C
D
2000
-
01
-
01
0.266457
-
0.399641
-
0.219582
1.186860
2000
-
01
-
02
-
1.170732
-
0.345873
1.653061
-
0.282953
2000
-
01
-
03
-
1.734933
0.530468
2.060811
-
0.515536
2000
-
01
-
04
-
1.555121
1.452620
0.239859
-
1.156896
2000
-
01
-
05
0.578117
0.511371
0.103552
-
2.428202
2000
-
01
-
06
0.478344
0.449933
-
0.741620
-
1.962409
2000
-
01
-
07
1.235339
-
0.091757
-
1.543861
-
1.084753
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2002
-
09
-
20
-
10.628548
-
9.153563
-
7.883146
28.313940
2002
-
09
-
21
-
10.390377
-
8.727491
-
6.399645
30.914107
2002
-
09
-
22
-
8.985362
-
8.485624
-
4.669462
31.367740
2002
-
09
-
23
-
9.558560
-
8.781216
-
4.499815
30.518439
2002
-
09
-
24
-
9.902058
-
9.340490
-
4.386639
30.105593
2002
-
09
-
25
-
10.216020
-
9.480682
-
3.933802
29.758560
2002
-
09
-
26
-
11.856774
-
10.671012
-
3.216025
29.369368
[
1000
rows
x
4
columns
]
|
Excel
读写MS Excel
写入excel文件
|
1
|
In
[
140
]
:
df
.
to_excel
(
'foo.xlsx'
,
sheet_name
=
'Sheet1'
)
|
读取excel文件
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
|
In
[
141
]
:
pd
.
read_excel
(
'foo.xlsx'
,
'Sheet1'
,
index_col
=
None
,
na_values
=
[
'NA'
]
)
Out
[
141
]
:
A
B
C
D
2000
-
01
-
01
0.266457
-
0.399641
-
0.219582
1.186860
2000
-
01
-
02
-
1.170732
-
0.345873
1.653061
-
0.282953
2000
-
01
-
03
-
1.734933
0.530468
2.060811
-
0.515536
2000
-
01
-
04
-
1.555121
1.452620
0.239859
-
1.156896
2000
-
01
-
05
0.578117
0.511371
0.103552
-
2.428202
2000
-
01
-
06
0.478344
0.449933
-
0.741620
-
1.962409
2000
-
01
-
07
1.235339
-
0.091757
-
1.543861
-
1.084753
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2002
-
09
-
20
-
10.628548
-
9.153563
-
7.883146
28.313940
2002
-
09
-
21
-
10.390377
-
8.727491
-
6.399645
30.914107
2002
-
09
-
22
-
8.985362
-
8.485624
-
4.669462
31.367740
2002
-
09
-
23
-
9.558560
-
8.781216
-
4.499815
30.518439
2002
-
09
-
24
-
9.902058
-
9.340490
-
4.386639
30.105593
2002
-
09
-
25
-
10.216020
-
9.480682
-
3.933802
29.758560
2002
-
09
-
26
-
11.856774
-
10.671012
-
3.216025
29.369368
[
1000
rows
x
4
columns
]
|
陷阱
如果尝试这样操作可能会看到像这样的异常:
|
1
2
3
4
5
|
>>>
if
pd
.
Series
(
[
False
,
True
,
False
]
)
:
print
(
"I was true"
)
Traceback
.
.
.
ValueError
:
The
truth
value
of
an
array
is
ambiguous
.
Use
a
.
empty
,
a
.
any
(
)
or
a
.
all
(
)
.
|
查看对照获取解释和怎么做的帮助
也可以查看陷阱.
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