1.套接字和流(Stream)
两台主机通过套接字建立连接后进入可交换数据的状态,又称为“流形成的状态”。也就是把建立套接字后可交换的数据的状态看作一种流。
此处的流可以比作水流。水朝着一个方向流动,同样,在套接字的流中,数据也只能向一个方向移动。
一旦两台主机间建立了套接字连接,每个主机就会拥有单独的输入流和输出流。当然,其中一个主机的输入流与另一个主机的输出流相连,而输出流则与另一主机的输入流相连。另外,本节,讨论的“优雅的断开连接方式”只断开其中1个流,而非同时断开两个流。Linux的close和Windows的closesocket函数将同时断开这两个流,因此与“优雅”二字还有一段距离。
基于半关闭的文件传输程序:
file_server.c
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<arpa/inet.h>
#include<sys/socket.h>
#define BUF_SIZE 30
void error_handling(char *message);
int main(int argc,char* argv[]){
int serv_sd,clnt_sd;
FILE *fp;
char buf[BUF_SIZE];
int read_cnt;
struct sockaddr_in serv_adr,clnt_adr;
socklen_t clnt_adr_sz;
if(argc!=2){
printf("Usage: %s <port>\n",argv[0]);
exit(1);
}
fp = fopen("file_server.c","rb");
serv_sd = socket(PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
memset(&serv_adr,0,sizeof(serv_adr));
serv_adr.sin_family = AF_INET;
serv_adr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
serv_adr.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[1]));
bind(serv_sd,(struct sockaddr*)&serv_adr,sizeof(serv_adr));
listen(serv_sd,5);
clnt_adr_sz = sizeof(clnt_adr);
clnt_sd = accept(serv_sd,(struct sockaddr*)&clnt_adr,&clnt_adr_sz);
while(1){
read_cnt = fread((void*)buf,1,BUF_SIZE,fp);
if(read_cnt<BUF_SIZE){
write(clnt_sd,buf,read_cnt);
break;
}
write(clnt_sd,buf,BUF_SIZE);
}
shutdown(clnt_sd,SHUT_WR);
read(clnt_sd,buf,BUF_SIZE);
printf("Message from client: %s \n",buf);
fclose(fp);
close(clnt_sd);
close(serv_sd);
return 0;
}
void error_handling(char* message){
fputs(message,stderr);
fputc('\n',stderr);
exit(1);
}
file_client.c
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<arpa/inet.h>
#include<sys/socket.h>
#define BUF_SIZE 30
void error_handling(char *message);
int main(int argc,char *argv[]){
int sd;
FILE *fp;
char buf[BUF_SIZE];
int read_cnt;
struct sockaddr_in serv_adr;
if(argc!=3){
printf("Usage: %s<IP> <port>\n",argv[0]);
exit(1);
}
fp = fopen("receive.dat","wb");
sd = socket(PF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
memset(&serv_adr,0,sizeof(serv_adr));
serv_adr.sin_family = AF_INET;
serv_adr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[1]);
serv_adr.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[2]));
connect(sd,(struct sockaddr*)&serv_adr,sizeof(serv_adr));
while((read_cnt=read(sd,buf,BUF_SIZE))!=0)
fwrite((void*)buf,1,read_cnt,fp);
puts("Received file data");
write(sd,"Thank you",10);
fclose(fp);
close(sd);
return 0;
}
void error_handling(char *message){
fputs(message,stderr);
fputc('\n',stderr);
exit(1);
}
运行结果:file_server.c
root@my_linux:/tcpip# gcc file_server.c -o fserver
root@my_linux:/tcpip# ./fserver 9190
root@my_linux:/tcpip# Thank you
root@my_linux:/tcpip#
运行结果:file_server.c
root@my_linux:/tcpip# gcc file_client.c -o fclient
root@my_linux:/tcpip# ./fclient 127.0.0.1 9190
Received file data
root@my_linux:/tcpip#