opencv for python (11) 图像阈值 及自适应阈值

函数cv2.threshold(img,127,255,cv2.THRESH_BINARY)
函数中四个参数分别是原图像、阈值、最大值、阈值类型
阈值类型一般分为五种：
cv2.THRESH_BINARY——大于阈值的部分像素值变为最大值，其他变为0
cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV——大于阈值的部分变为0，其他部分变为最大值
cv2.THRESH_TRUNC——大于阈值的部分变为阈值，其余部分不变
cv2.THRESH_TOZERO——大于阈值的部分不变，其余部分变为0
cv2.THRESH_TOZERO_INV——大于阈值的部分变为0，其余部分不变

import cv2   
import numpy as np   
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt 

img = cv2.imread('test2.jpg')
ret,thresh1 = cv2.threshold(img,127,255,cv2.THRESH_BINARY)
ret,thresh2 = cv2.threshold(img,127,255,cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV)
ret,thresh3 = cv2.threshold(img,127,255,cv2.THRESH_TRUNC)
ret,thresh4 = cv2.threshold(img,127,255,cv2.THRESH_TOZERO)
ret,thresh5 = cv2.threshold(img,127,255,cv2.THRESH_TOZERO_INV)

titles = ['Original Image','BINARY','BINARY_INV','TRUNC','TOZERO','TOZERO_INV']
images = [img,thresh1,thresh2,thresh3,thresh4,thresh5]

for i in xrange(6):
    plt.subplot(2,3,i+1),plt.imshow(images[i],'gray')
    plt.title(titles[i])
    plt.xticks([]),plt.yticks([])
plt.show()

cv2.adaptiveThreshold(img,255,cv2.ADAPTIVE_THRESH_MEAN_C,cv2.THRESH_BINARY,11,2)
自适应阈值是根据图像上的每一个小区域计算与其对应的阈值，因此在同一幅图像上采用的是不同的阈值，从而能使我们在亮度 不同的情况下得到更好的结果。

import cv2   
import numpy as np   
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt 

img = cv2.imread('CAM003.png',0)
img = cv2.medianBlur(img,5)
ret,th1 = cv2.threshold(img,110,255,cv2.THRESH_BINARY)
th2 = cv2.adaptiveThreshold(img,255,cv2.ADAPTIVE_THRESH_MEAN_C,cv2.THRESH_BINARY,11,2)
th3 = cv2.adaptiveThreshold(img,255,cv2.ADAPTIVE_THRESH_GAUSSIAN_C,cv2.THRESH_BINARY,11,2)

titles = ['orgianl Image','Gllobal Thresholding(v=127)','ADaptive Mean Thresholding','Adaptive Gaussian Thresholding']
images = [img,th1,th2,th3]

for i in xrange(4):
    plt.subplot(2,2,i+1),plt.imshow(images[i],'gray')
    plt.title(titles[i])
    plt.xticks([]),plt.yticks([])
plt.show()