JAVA | 24 - 线程的同步与死锁

同步就是一个线程对象等待另一个线程对象执行完毕。

同步与异步相比较，异步操作的执行速度高，同步操作时数据的安全性较高，属于安全的线程。大部分情况下使用异步。

多个线程访问同一资源时，一定要处理好同步，可以采用同步代码块或者同步方法来实现。

过多地使用同步可能会造成死锁，死锁是程序开发中由于逻辑错误而产生的问题。并不是简单地就出现的。

class MyThread implements Runnable {
    private int ticket = 100;
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++) {
            if (this.ticket > 0) {
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(10);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " " + this.ticket);
                this.ticket--;
            }
        }
    }
}
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyThread myThread1 = new MyThread();
        Thread A = new Thread(myThread1,"Thread A");
        Thread B = new Thread(myThread1,"Thread B");
        Thread C = new Thread(myThread1,"Thread C");
        Thread D = new Thread(myThread1,"Thread D");
        A.start();
        B.start();
        C.start();
        D.start();
    }
}

同步代码块

class MyThread implements Runnable {
    private int ticket = 1000;
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 2000; i++) {
            synchronized (this) { //当前操作每次只允许一个对象进入
                if (this.ticket > 0) {
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(1);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " " + this.ticket);
                    this.ticket--;
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyThread myThread1 = new MyThread();
        Thread A = new Thread(myThread1,"Thread A");
        Thread B = new Thread(myThread1,"Thread B");
        Thread C = new Thread(myThread1,"Thread C");
        Thread D = new Thread(myThread1,"Thread D");
        A.start();
        B.start();
        C.start();
        D.start();
    }
}

同步方法

class MyThread implements Runnable {
    private int ticket = 100;
    @Override
    public void run() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++) {
            this.sale();
        }
    }
    public synchronized void sale(){
        if (this.ticket > 0) {
            try {
                Thread.sleep(10);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " " + this.ticket);
            this.ticket --;
        }
    }
}
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyThread myThread1 = new MyThread();
        Thread A = new Thread(myThread1,"Thread A");
        Thread B = new Thread(myThread1,"Thread B");
        Thread C = new Thread(myThread1,"Thread C");
        Thread D = new Thread(myThread1,"Thread D");
        A.start();
        B.start();
        C.start();
        D.start();
    }
}