leetcode_374. Guess Number Higher or Lower 猜数字是比给定的数字高了还是低了，二分查找法

题目：

We are playing the Guess Game. The game is as follows:

I pick a number from 1 to n. You have to guess which number I picked.

Every time you guess wrong, I'll tell you whether the number is higher or lower.

You call a pre-defined API guess(int num) which returns 3 possible results (-1, 1, or 0):

-1 : My number is lower
 1 : My number is higher
 0 : Congrats! You got it!

Example:

n = 10, I pick 6.

Return 6.

题意：

给定数字n和某个在1-n之间的位置数x，系统已经定义好了函数guess()，当guess(x)返回0，则猜中，当guess(x)返回-1，则你猜的数字比给定的数字大了，当guess(x)返回1，则你猜的数字比给定的数字小了了，写一个函数来猜数字，返回给定的需要猜的那个数字

代码：

# The guess API is already defined for you.
# @param num, your guess
# @return -1 if my number is lower, 1 if my number is higher, otherwise return 0
# def guess(num):


class Solution(object):
    def guessNumber(self, n):
        """
        :type n: int
        :rtype: int
        """
        
        low = 1
        high = n
        while guess((low+high)/2) != 0 and low < high :             #如果没猜中且low<high，则继续循环来猜
            if guess((low+high)/2) == -1 :                               #你猜的数字猜高了，将high降低
                high = (low+high)/2 - 1
            else :
                if guess((low+high)/2) == 1 :                       #你猜的数字猜低了，将low升高
                    low = (low+high)/2 + 1
        return (low+high)/2                    

笔记：

这类题的下标变换，老是需要用调试代码才能理清楚

if guess((low+high)/2) == 1 :                       #你猜的数字猜低了，将low升高
           low = (low+high)/2 + 1

此处，如果改成 low = (low+high)/2  ，则会进入死循环（例如n=2，给定2，则low总是1）

调试了之后，才知道要写成low = (low+high)/2+1（排除 (low+high)/2仍等于low或high的情况，避免进入死循环）