Hibernate的检索策略
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
检索策略的作用域 可用策略 默认 运行时受影响的方法
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
类级别 立即检索 立即 load()
延时检索
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
关联级别 立即检索 多对一和一对一 load() get() 等
延时检索 为外连接检索
迫切左外连接检索 -------------
一对多和多对多
为立即检索
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
立即检索 类级别的立即加载关联对象 关联级别的立即加载指定对象的关联对象 可以设定批量检索数量
延时检索 类级别的延时加载关联对象 关联级别的延时加载指定对象的关联对象 可以设定批量检索数量
迫切左外连接检索 类级别不适用 关联级别通过左外连接加载与检索方法指定对象关联的对象
涉及到的元素属性
<class>和<set>的lazy 默认是true 表示延时检索
<many-to-one><one-to-one><set> 的 outer-join <many-to-one><one-to-one>默认auto <set> 默认 false
<class>和<set> 的batch-size 默认1 指定批量检索的数量
' 延时检索时会产生代理类
' 但是仅仅初始化了OID 其他都为null
' 只有当访问除ID外的属性 或者修改时才会加载数据库的数据
' 有可能在你关闭session后仍没有初始化对象 也就没有完整的游离对象
' 只有在session范围内才能被初始化
' get()方法加载的对象时实际相关数据 不是代理类
一对多和多对多的检索策略
<set> 的lazy和out-join
都为false 立即检索
lazy为false out-join为true是迫切左外连接检索(当有多个<set>只允许一个用)
相反时 用延时检索策略
Hibernate的检索方式
HQL检索方式:
1 通过Session的createQuery()方法创建一个Query对象 包含一HQL查询语句
2 可以动态绑定参数
3 可以调用list()方法返回List类型的结果
exp :
List result = session.createQuery(".......").setString("name",name).setInteger("age", 21).list();
QBC检索方式:
1 用session的才createCriteria()方法创建一个Criteria对象
2 可以设定查询的条件 用Expression的一些静态方法 如Expression.like("name", "T%")
Expression.eq("age", new Integer(21)
3 可以使用方法链 也可以调用list()方法返回List类型的结果
exp :
List result = session.createCriteria(Customer.class).add(Restrictions.like("name", "T%")).add(Restrictions.eq("age", new Integer(21)).list();
4 还可以使用QBE模板检索方式
exp :
Customer exp = new Customer();
exp.setName("tom");
List result =session.createCriteria(Customer.class).add(Example.create(exp)).list();
SQL检索方式:
Query query=session.createSQLQuery("..............");
由于检索和HQL比较杂乱分别举例说明
' 最简单的查询
HQL
Session session
=
sessionFactory.openSession();
Transaction tx
=
null
;
try
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/a41954a27d6ad96fa2c2cf816e677448.gif)
...
{
tx=session.beginTransaction();
List result=session.createQuery("from Customer ").list();
for(Iterator it=result.iterator(); it.hasNext();)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/37c8bf68cdc3cc81759c34160776bc53.gif)
...{
Customer c =(Customer)it.next();
System.out.println("Customer's name :" + c.getName());
System.out.println("Customer's age :" + c.getAge());
}
tx.commit();
}
catch
(Exception e)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/a41954a27d6ad96fa2c2cf816e677448.gif)
...
{
if(tx!=null)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/37c8bf68cdc3cc81759c34160776bc53.gif)
...{
tx.rollback();
}
throw e;
}
BQC
...
List result
=
session.createCriteria(Customer.
class
).list();
...
' 指定查询和命名别名
HQL
...
List result
=
session.createQuery(
"
from Customer as c where name=:name
"
).setString(
"
name
"
,
"
Tom
"
).list();
...
BQC
...
List result
=
session.createCriteria(Customer.
class
).add(Restrictions.eq(
"
name
"
,
"
Tom
"
)).list();
...
' 对查询结果排序
desc是降序
HQL
...
List result
=
session.createQuery(
"
from Customer as c order by c.name
"
).list();
List result
=
session.createQuery(
"
from Customer as c order by c.name asc, c.age desc
"
).list();
...
BQC
...
List result
=
session.createCriteria(Customer.
class
).addOrder(Order.asc(
"
name
"
)).addOrder(Order.desc(
"
age
"
)).list();
...
' 在指定时间范围内查询结果
...
tx
=
session.beginTransaction();
Date beginDate
=
java.sql.Date.valueOf(
"
2006-8-1
"
);
Date endDate
=
java.sql.Date.valueOf(
"
2006-9-1
"
);
List result
=
session.createQuery(
"
from Customer c where c.retime <:endTime and c.retime >=:beginTime
"
).setTimestamp(
"
endTime
"
, endDate).setTimestamp(
"
beginTime
"
, beginDate).list();
...
' 分页查询
HQL
...
List result
=
session.createQuery(
"
from Customer c Order by c.name asc
"
).setFirstResult(
0
).setMaxResults(
3
).list();
...
BQC
...
List result
=
session.createCriteria(Customer.
class
).addOrder(Order.asc(
"
name
"
)).setFirstResult(
0
).setMaxResults(
3
).list();
...
' 检索单个对象
uniqueResult() 方法
如果不确定返回的时单个对象先用Query和Criteria的serMaxResult(1)方法 设定只返回一个对象
如果确定只返回一个对象 比如from Customer c where c.id=1
' HQL的两种绑定查询
1
session.createQuery(
"
from Customer c where c.name=:name and c.age=:age
"
).setString(
"
name
"
,
"
tom
"
).setInteger(
"
age
"
,
20
)
2
session.createQuery(
"
from Customer c where c.name=? and c.age=?
"
).setString(
0
,
"
tom
"
).setInteger(
1
,
20
)
' 特殊绑定方法
1
setEntity() 可以绑定实体对象
session.createQuery(
"
from Order o where o.customer=:customer
"
).setEntity(
"
customer
"
, customer)
2
setParameter 绑定任意类型的参数
Query query
=
session.createQuery(
"
from Order o where o.customer=:customer and o.orderNumber like: orderNumber
"
);
query.setParameter(
"
customer
"
, customer, Hibernate.entity(Customer.
class
));
query.setParameter(
"
orderNumber
"
, orderNumber, Hibernate.STRING);
3
setProperties() 与一个对象的属性绑定
Customer customer
=
new
Customer();
customer.setName(
"
Tom
"
);
customer.setAge(
21
);
List result
=
session.createQuery(
"
from Customer c where c.name=:name and c.age=:age
"
).setProperties(customer).list();
' 设定查询条件
' 比较运算 大于某个条件
HQL
...
List result
=
session.createQuery(
"
from Customer c where c.age>23
"
).list();
...
BQC
...
List result
=
session.createCriteria(Customer.
class
).add(Restrictions.gt(
"
age
"
,
new
Integer(
23
))).list();
...
' 比较运算 不等于某个条件
HQL
...
List result
=
session.createQuery(
"
from Customer c where c.age<>24
"
).list();
...
BQC
...
List result
=
session.createCriteria(Customer.
class
).add(Restrictions.not(Restrictions.eq(
"
age
"
,
new
Integer(
23
)))).list();
...
' 比较运算 条件为null的某个对象
HQL
...
List result
=
session.createQuery(
"
from Order o where o.customer is null
"
).list();
...
BQC
...
List result
=
session.createCriteria(Order.
class
)
.add(Restrictions.isNull(
"
customer
"
)).list();
...
' 范围运算 检索在某个范围内String
HQL
...
List result
=
session.createQuery(
"
from Customer c where c.name in('Tom','Mike','Jack')
"
).list();
...
BQC
...
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/a41954a27d6ad96fa2c2cf816e677448.gif)
String[] names
=
...
{"Tom", "Mike", "Jack"}
;
List result
=
session.createCriteria(Customer.
class
)
.add(Restrictions.in(
"
name
"
, names)).list();
...
' 范围运算 检索在某个范围内Integer
HQL
...
List result
=
session.createQuery(
"
from Customer c where c.age between 24 and 30
"
).list();
...
BQC
...
List result
=
session.createCriteria(Customer.
class
)
.add(Restrictions.between(
"
age
"
,
new
Integer(
24
),
new
Integer(
30
))).list();
...
不在某个范围内
HQL
...
List result
=
session.createQuery(
"
from Customer c where c.age not between 24 and 30
"
).list();
...
BQC
...
List result
=
session.createCriteria(Customer.
class
)
.add(Restrictions.not(Restrictions.between(
"
age
"
,
new
Integer(
24
),
new
Integer(
30
)))).list();
...
' 范围运算 字符串通配符
以 T 开头
HQL like 'T%'
BQC add(Restrictions.like("name","T%"))
以 T 结尾
HQL like '%T'
BQC add(Restrictions.like("name","%T"))
包含 T
HQL like '%T%'
BQC add(Restrictions.like("name","%T%"))
控制长度为3
HQL like 'T_ _'
BQC add(Restrictions.like("name","T_ _"))
另外
Restrictions 还有这样的方法like(java.lang.String propertyName, java.lang.String value, MatchMode matchMode)
有一些定义好的field 具体查看API
' 逻辑运算 检索 复杂条件
条件结合
HQL
...
List result
=
session.createQuery(
"
from Customer c where c.name like 'T%' and c.name like '%m'
"
).list();
...
BQC
...
List result
=
session.createCriteria(Customer.
class
)
.add(Restrictions.like(
"
name
"
,
"
T%
"
)).add(Restrictions.like(
"
name
"
,
"
%m
"
)).list();
...
逻辑与
Restriction有如下方法
or(Criterion lhs, Criterion rhs)
and(Criterion lhs, Criterion rhs
HQL
...
List result
=
session.createQuery(
"
from Customer c where (c.name like 'T%' and c.name like '%m') or (c.age not between 20 and 25)
"
).list();
...
BQC
...
List result
=
session.createCriteria(Customer.
class
).add(Restrictions.or(Restrictions.and(Restrictions.like(
"
name
"
,
"
T%
"
), Restrictions.like(
"
name
"
,
"
%m
"
)), Restrictions.not(Restrictions.between(
"
age
"
,
new
Integer(
20
),
new
Integer(
25
))))).list();
...
' 报表查询
from 关键字是必须 select group by having 用于报表查询
投影查询 只检索出需要的字段
HQL
...
List result
=
session.createQuery(
"
select c.id, c.name, o.orderNumber from Customer c join c.orders o where o.orderNumber like 'T%'
"
).list();
Iterator it
=
result.iterator();
while
(it.hasNext())
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/a41954a27d6ad96fa2c2cf816e677448.gif)
...
{
Object[] row=(Object[])it.next();
Long id=(Long)row[0];
String name=(String)row[1];
String orderNumber=(String)row[2];
System.out.println(id+" "+name+" "+orderNumber);
}
...
这个list返回的结果是集合 存放的是关系数据
也可以建立一个javabean来让结果更清晰
...
select
new
ergal.CustomerRow(c.id, c.name, o.orderNumber) from Customer c join c.orders o where o.orderNumber like
'
T%
'
...
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6810355c2f78c12e91b7997a8e8c583a.gif)
while
(it.hasNest())
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/a41954a27d6ad96fa2c2cf816e677448.gif)
...
{
CustomerRow cr=(CustomerRow)it.next();
Long id=(Long)cr.getId();
......
}
' 分组查询
查询相同姓名的的记录
...
List result
=
session.createQuery(
"
select c.name, count(c) from Customer c group by c.name
"
).list();
Iterator it
=
result.iterator();
while
(it.hasNext())
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/a41954a27d6ad96fa2c2cf816e677448.gif)
...
{
Object[] row=(Object[])it.next();
String name=(String)row[0];
Long id=(Long)row[1];
System.out.println(id+" "+name);
}
...
统计订单数目
...
List result
=
session.createQuery(
"
select c.id, c.name, count(o) from Customer c join c.orders o group by c.id
"
).list();
Iterator it
=
result.iterator();
while
(it.hasNext())
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/a41954a27d6ad96fa2c2cf816e677448.gif)
...
{
Object[] row=(Object[])it.next();
Long id=(Long)row[0];
String name=(String)row[1];
Long num=(Long)row[2];
System.out.println(num+" "+name+" "+id);
}
...
统计每个客户的订单总价-右外连接
...
List result
=
session.createQuery(
"
select c.id, c.name, sum(o.price) from Customer c right outer join c.orders o group by c.id
"
).list();
Iterator it
=
result.iterator();
while
(it.hasNext())
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/a41954a27d6ad96fa2c2cf816e677448.gif)
...
{
Object[] row=(Object[])it.next();
Long id=(Long)row[0];
String name=(String)row[1];
Double num=(Double)row[2];
System.out.println(num+" "+name+" "+id);
}
...
统计每个客户的订单总价-加条件 订单大于一的
...
List result
=
session.createQuery(
"
select c.id, c.name, sum(o.price) from Customer c join c.orders o group by c.id having(count(o)>1)
"
).list();
Iterator it
=
result.iterator();
while
(it.hasNext())
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/a41954a27d6ad96fa2c2cf816e677448.gif)
...
{
Object[] row=(Object[])it.next();
Long id=(Long)row[0];
String name=(String)row[1];
Double num=(Double)row[2];
System.out.println(num+" "+name+" "+id);
}
...
查询时间段
tx
=
session.beginTransaction();
Date beginDate
=
java.sql.Date.valueOf(
"
2006-8-1
"
);
Date endDate
=
java.sql.Date.valueOf(
"
2006-9-1
"
);
List result
=
session.createQuery(
"
from Customer c where c.retime <:endTime and c.retime >=:beginTime
"
).setTimestamp(
"
endTime
"
, endDate).setTimestamp(
"
beginTime
"
, beginDate).list();
for
(Iterator it
=
result.iterator(); it.hasNext();)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/a41954a27d6ad96fa2c2cf816e677448.gif)
...
{
Customer c =(Customer)it.next();
System.out.println("Customer's name :" + c.getName());
System.out.println("Customer's regiestertime :" + c.getRetime());
}
总的来说就是将显示时间 和 数据库的时间都进行转化 然后进行比较
还有别的方式