Hibernate的检索策略
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检索策略的作用域 可用策略 默认 运行时受影响的方法
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类级别 立即检索 立即 load()
延时检索
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关联级别 立即检索 多对一和一对一 load() get() 等
延时检索 为外连接检索
迫切左外连接检索 -------------
一对多和多对多
为立即检索
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立即检索 类级别的立即加载关联对象 关联级别的立即加载指定对象的关联对象 可以设定批量检索数量
延时检索 类级别的延时加载关联对象 关联级别的延时加载指定对象的关联对象 可以设定批量检索数量
迫切左外连接检索 类级别不适用 关联级别通过左外连接加载与检索方法指定对象关联的对象
涉及到的元素属性
<class>和<set>的lazy 默认是true 表示延时检索
<many-to-one><one-to-one><set> 的 outer-join <many-to-one><one-to-one>默认auto <set> 默认 false
<class>和<set> 的batch-size 默认1 指定批量检索的数量
' 延时检索时会产生代理类
' 但是仅仅初始化了OID 其他都为null
' 只有当访问除ID外的属性 或者修改时才会加载数据库的数据
' 有可能在你关闭session后仍没有初始化对象 也就没有完整的游离对象
' 只有在session范围内才能被初始化
' get()方法加载的对象时实际相关数据 不是代理类
一对多和多对多的检索策略
<set> 的lazy和out-join
都为false 立即检索
lazy为false out-join为true是迫切左外连接检索(当有多个<set>只允许一个用)
相反时 用延时检索策略
Hibernate的检索方式
HQL检索方式:
1 通过Session的createQuery()方法创建一个Query对象 包含一HQL查询语句
2 可以动态绑定参数
3 可以调用list()方法返回List类型的结果
exp :
List result = session.createQuery(".......").setString("name",name).setInteger("age", 21).list();
QBC检索方式:
1 用session的才createCriteria()方法创建一个Criteria对象
2 可以设定查询的条件 用Expression的一些静态方法 如Expression.like("name", "T%")
Expression.eq("age", new Integer(21)
3 可以使用方法链 也可以调用list()方法返回List类型的结果
exp :
List result = session.createCriteria(Customer.class).add(Restrictions.like("name", "T%")).add(Restrictions.eq("age", new Integer(21)).list();
4 还可以使用QBE模板检索方式
exp :
Customer exp = new Customer();
exp.setName("tom");
List result =session.createCriteria(Customer.class).add(Example.create(exp)).list();
SQL检索方式:
Query query=session.createSQLQuery("..............");
由于检索和HQL比较杂乱分别举例说明
' 最简单的查询
HQL
Transaction tx = null ;
try
... {
tx=session.beginTransaction();
List result=session.createQuery("from Customer ").list();
for(Iterator it=result.iterator(); it.hasNext();)
...{
Customer c =(Customer)it.next();
System.out.println("Customer's name :" + c.getName());
System.out.println("Customer's age :" + c.getAge());
}
tx.commit();
}
catch (Exception e)
... {
if(tx!=null)
...{
tx.rollback();
}
throw e;
}
BQC
List result = session.createCriteria(Customer. class ).list();
...
' 指定查询和命名别名
HQL
List result = session.createQuery( " from Customer as c where name=:name " ).setString( " name " , " Tom " ).list();
...
BQC
List result = session.createCriteria(Customer. class ).add(Restrictions.eq( " name " , " Tom " )).list();
...
' 对查询结果排序
desc是降序
HQL
List result = session.createQuery( " from Customer as c order by c.name " ).list();
List result = session.createQuery( " from Customer as c order by c.name asc, c.age desc " ).list();
...
BQC
List result = session.createCriteria(Customer. class ).addOrder(Order.asc( " name " )).addOrder(Order.desc( " age " )).list();
...
' 在指定时间范围内查询结果
tx = session.beginTransaction();
Date beginDate = java.sql.Date.valueOf( " 2006-8-1 " );
Date endDate = java.sql.Date.valueOf( " 2006-9-1 " );
List result = session.createQuery( " from Customer c where c.retime <:endTime and c.retime >=:beginTime " ).setTimestamp( " endTime " , endDate).setTimestamp( " beginTime " , beginDate).list();
...
' 分页查询
HQL
List result = session.createQuery( " from Customer c Order by c.name asc " ).setFirstResult( 0 ).setMaxResults( 3 ).list();
...
BQC
List result = session.createCriteria(Customer. class ).addOrder(Order.asc( " name " )).setFirstResult( 0 ).setMaxResults( 3 ).list();
...
' 检索单个对象
uniqueResult() 方法
如果不确定返回的时单个对象先用Query和Criteria的serMaxResult(1)方法 设定只返回一个对象
如果确定只返回一个对象 比如from Customer c where c.id=1
' HQL的两种绑定查询
1
2
' 特殊绑定方法
1
setEntity() 可以绑定实体对象
2
setParameter 绑定任意类型的参数
query.setParameter( " customer " , customer, Hibernate.entity(Customer. class ));
query.setParameter( " orderNumber " , orderNumber, Hibernate.STRING);
3
setProperties() 与一个对象的属性绑定
customer.setName( " Tom " );
customer.setAge( 21 );
List result = session.createQuery( " from Customer c where c.name=:name and c.age=:age " ).setProperties(customer).list();
' 设定查询条件
' 比较运算 大于某个条件
HQL
List result = session.createQuery( " from Customer c where c.age>23 " ).list();
...
BQC
List result = session.createCriteria(Customer. class ).add(Restrictions.gt( " age " , new Integer( 23 ))).list();
...
' 比较运算 不等于某个条件
HQL
List result = session.createQuery( " from Customer c where c.age<>24 " ).list();
...
BQC
List result = session.createCriteria(Customer. class ).add(Restrictions.not(Restrictions.eq( " age " , new Integer( 23 )))).list();
...
' 比较运算 条件为null的某个对象
HQL
List result = session.createQuery( " from Order o where o.customer is null " ).list();
...
BQC
List result = session.createCriteria(Order. class )
.add(Restrictions.isNull( " customer " )).list();
...
' 范围运算 检索在某个范围内String
HQL
List result = session.createQuery( " from Customer c where c.name in('Tom','Mike','Jack') " ).list();
...
BQC
String[] names = ... {"Tom", "Mike", "Jack"} ;
List result = session.createCriteria(Customer. class )
.add(Restrictions.in( " name " , names)).list();
...
' 范围运算 检索在某个范围内Integer
HQL
...
List result = session.createQuery( " from Customer c where c.age between 24 and 30 " ).list();
...
BQC
List result = session.createCriteria(Customer. class )
.add(Restrictions.between( " age " , new Integer( 24 ), new Integer( 30 ))).list();
...
不在某个范围内
HQL
List result = session.createQuery( " from Customer c where c.age not between 24 and 30 " ).list();
...
BQC
List result = session.createCriteria(Customer. class )
.add(Restrictions.not(Restrictions.between( " age " , new Integer( 24 ), new Integer( 30 )))).list();
...
' 范围运算 字符串通配符
以 T 开头
HQL like 'T%'
BQC add(Restrictions.like("name","T%"))
以 T 结尾
HQL like '%T'
BQC add(Restrictions.like("name","%T"))
包含 T
HQL like '%T%'
BQC add(Restrictions.like("name","%T%"))
控制长度为3
HQL like 'T_ _'
BQC add(Restrictions.like("name","T_ _"))
另外
Restrictions 还有这样的方法like(java.lang.String propertyName, java.lang.String value, MatchMode matchMode)
有一些定义好的field 具体查看API
' 逻辑运算 检索 复杂条件
条件结合
HQL
List result = session.createQuery( " from Customer c where c.name like 'T%' and c.name like '%m' " ).list();
...
BQC
List result = session.createCriteria(Customer. class )
.add(Restrictions.like( " name " , " T% " )).add(Restrictions.like( " name " , " %m " )).list();
...
逻辑与
Restriction有如下方法
or(Criterion lhs, Criterion rhs)
and(Criterion lhs, Criterion rhs
HQL
List result = session.createQuery( " from Customer c where (c.name like 'T%' and c.name like '%m') or (c.age not between 20 and 25) " ).list();
...
BQC
List result = session.createCriteria(Customer. class ).add(Restrictions.or(Restrictions.and(Restrictions.like( " name " , " T% " ), Restrictions.like( " name " , " %m " )), Restrictions.not(Restrictions.between( " age " , new Integer( 20 ), new Integer( 25 ))))).list();
...
' 报表查询
from 关键字是必须 select group by having 用于报表查询
投影查询 只检索出需要的字段
HQL
List result = session.createQuery( " select c.id, c.name, o.orderNumber from Customer c join c.orders o where o.orderNumber like 'T%' " ).list();
Iterator it = result.iterator();
while (it.hasNext())
... {
Object[] row=(Object[])it.next();
Long id=(Long)row[0];
String name=(String)row[1];
String orderNumber=(String)row[2];
System.out.println(id+" "+name+" "+orderNumber);
}
...
这个list返回的结果是集合 存放的是关系数据
也可以建立一个javabean来让结果更清晰
select new ergal.CustomerRow(c.id, c.name, o.orderNumber) from Customer c join c.orders o where o.orderNumber like ' T% '
...
while (it.hasNest())
... {
CustomerRow cr=(CustomerRow)it.next();
Long id=(Long)cr.getId();
......
}
' 分组查询
查询相同姓名的的记录
List result = session.createQuery( " select c.name, count(c) from Customer c group by c.name " ).list();
Iterator it = result.iterator();
while (it.hasNext())
... {
Object[] row=(Object[])it.next();
String name=(String)row[0];
Long id=(Long)row[1];
System.out.println(id+" "+name);
}
...
统计订单数目
List result = session.createQuery( " select c.id, c.name, count(o) from Customer c join c.orders o group by c.id " ).list();
Iterator it = result.iterator();
while (it.hasNext())
... {
Object[] row=(Object[])it.next();
Long id=(Long)row[0];
String name=(String)row[1];
Long num=(Long)row[2];
System.out.println(num+" "+name+" "+id);
}
...
统计每个客户的订单总价-右外连接
List result = session.createQuery( " select c.id, c.name, sum(o.price) from Customer c right outer join c.orders o group by c.id " ).list();
Iterator it = result.iterator();
while (it.hasNext())
... {
Object[] row=(Object[])it.next();
Long id=(Long)row[0];
String name=(String)row[1];
Double num=(Double)row[2];
System.out.println(num+" "+name+" "+id);
}
...
统计每个客户的订单总价-加条件 订单大于一的
List result = session.createQuery( " select c.id, c.name, sum(o.price) from Customer c join c.orders o group by c.id having(count(o)>1) " ).list();
Iterator it = result.iterator();
while (it.hasNext())
... {
Object[] row=(Object[])it.next();
Long id=(Long)row[0];
String name=(String)row[1];
Double num=(Double)row[2];
System.out.println(num+" "+name+" "+id);
}
...
查询时间段
Date beginDate = java.sql.Date.valueOf( " 2006-8-1 " );
Date endDate = java.sql.Date.valueOf( " 2006-9-1 " );
List result = session.createQuery( " from Customer c where c.retime <:endTime and c.retime >=:beginTime " ).setTimestamp( " endTime " , endDate).setTimestamp( " beginTime " , beginDate).list();
for (Iterator it = result.iterator(); it.hasNext();)
... {
Customer c =(Customer)it.next();
System.out.println("Customer's name :" + c.getName());
System.out.println("Customer's regiestertime :" + c.getRetime());
}
总的来说就是将显示时间 和 数据库的时间都进行转化 然后进行比较
还有别的方式