XML是一种标准的数据交换规范,可以方便地用于在应用之间交换各类数据。如果能在Java对象和XML文档之间建立某种映射,例如Java对象的XML序列化和反序列化,那么就可以使Java的对象方便地与其他应用进行交换。
java.beans包里面有两个类XMLEncoder和Decoder,分别用于将符合JabaBeans规范的Java对象以XML方式序列化和反序列化。以下代码显示了如何使用这两个类实现Java对象的XML编码和解码。
待序列化的Java类:
- import java.io.Serializable;
- public class SerialableObject implements Serializable
- {
- private static final long serialVersionUID = 8745578444312339136L;
- public SerialableObject()
- {
- }
- public SerialableObject(int id, String name, double value)
- {
- this.id = id;
- this.name = name;
- this.value = value;
- }
- public int getId()
- {
- return id;
- }
- public void setId(int id)
- {
- this.id = id;
- }
- public String getName()
- {
- return name;
- }
- public void setName(String name)
- {
- this.name = name;
- }
- public double getValue()
- {
- return value;
- }
- public void setValue(double value)
- {
- this.value = value;
- }
- private int id;
- private String name;
- private double value;
- }
XML序列化和反序列化用法演示类:
- import java.beans.XMLDecoder;
- import java.beans.XMLEncoder;
- import java.io.File;
- import java.io.FileInputStream;
- import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
- import java.io.FileOutputStream;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.io.InputStream;
- import java.io.OutputStream;
- import java.util.List;
- import java.util.Vector;
- public class XmlSerialize
- {
- public XmlSerialize()
- {
- }
- public void serializeSingleObject(OutputStream os, Object obj) // 序列化单个java对象
- {
- // XMLEncoder xe = new XMLEncoder(os);
- XMLEncoder xe = new XMLEncoder(os, "GBK", true, 0); // 仅用于Java SE 7
- xe.writeObject(obj); // 序列化成XML字符串
- xe.close();
- }
- public Object deserializeSingleObject(InputStream is) // 反序列化单个Java对象
- {
- XMLDecoder xd = new XMLDecoder(is);
- Object obj = xd.readObject(); // 从XML序列中解码为Java对象
- xd.close();
- return obj;
- }
- public void serializeMultipleObject(OutputStream os, List<Object> objs) // 序列化多个Java对象
- {
- XMLEncoder xe = new XMLEncoder(os);
- xe.writeObject(objs); // 序列化成XML字符串
- xe.close();
- }
- public List<Object> deserializeMultipleObject(InputStream is) // 反序列化多个Java对象
- {
- XMLDecoder xd = new XMLDecoder(is);
- @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
- List<Object> objs = (List<Object>)xd.readObject(); // 从XML序列中解码为Java对象列表
- xd.close();
- return objs;
- }
- public void runSingleObject()
- {
- File xmlFile = new File("object.xml");
- SerialableObject jo4Out = new SerialableObject(1, "Java序列化为XML", 3.14159265359); // 创建待序列化的对象
- try
- {
- FileOutputStream ofs = new FileOutputStream(xmlFile); // 创建文件输出流对象
- serializeSingleObject(ofs, jo4Out);
- ofs.close();
- } catch (FileNotFoundException e)
- {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (IOException e)
- {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- try
- {
- FileInputStream ifs = new FileInputStream(xmlFile);
- SerialableObject jo4In = (SerialableObject)deserializeSingleObject(ifs);
- System.out.println("id: " + jo4In.getId());
- System.out.println("name: " + jo4In.getName());
- System.out.println("value: " + jo4In.getValue());
- } catch (FileNotFoundException e)
- {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- public void runMultipleObject()
- {
- File xmlFile = new File("objects.xml");
- List<SerialableObject> sos4Out = new Vector<SerialableObject>();
- sos4Out.add(new SerialableObject(1, "Java序列化为XML - 1", 3.14)); // 创建待序列化的对象
- sos4Out.add(new SerialableObject(2, "Java序列化为XML - 2", 3.14159)); // 创建待序列化的对象
- sos4Out.add(new SerialableObject(3, "Java序列化为XML - 3", 3.1415926)); // 创建待序列化的对象
- sos4Out.add(new SerialableObject(4, "Java序列化为XML - 4", 3.141592653)); // 创建待序列化的对象
- sos4Out.add(new SerialableObject(5, "Java序列化为XML - 5", 3.14159265359)); // 创建待序列化的对象
- try
- {
- FileOutputStream ofs = new FileOutputStream(xmlFile); // 创建文件输出流对象
- serializeSingleObject(ofs, sos4Out);
- ofs.close();
- } catch (FileNotFoundException e)
- {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (IOException e)
- {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- try
- {
- FileInputStream ifs = new FileInputStream(xmlFile);
- @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
- List<SerialableObject> sos4In = (List<SerialableObject>)deserializeSingleObject(ifs);
- for(SerialableObject jo4In : sos4In)
- {
- System.out.println("id: " + jo4In.getId());
- System.out.println("name: " + jo4In.getName());
- System.out.println("value: " + jo4In.getValue());
- }
- } catch (FileNotFoundException e)
- {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- public static void main(String[] args)
- {
- XmlSerialize xs = new XmlSerialize();
- xs.runSingleObject();
- xs.runMultipleObject();
- }
- }
需要注意的是,待序列化的类必须要符合JavaBeans的格式规范,即:具有一个无参的public构造函数,所有数据成员的访问均采用getter/setter模式,此外,这个类必须是public的,并且实现了java.io.Serializable接口。
程序运行之后,会产生两个文件:
object.xml是runSingleObject方法生成的,存放了单个的SerialableObject的值:
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="GBK"?>
- <java version="1.7.0" class="java.beans.XMLDecoder">
- <object class="SerialableObject">
- <void property="id">
- <int>1</int>
- </void>
- <void property="name">
- <string>Java序列化为XML</string>
- </void>
- <void property="value">
- <double>3.14159265359</double>
- </void>
- </object>
- </java>
objects.xml是runMultipleObject方法产生的,存放了5个SerializableObject的值:
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="GBK"?>
- <java version="1.7.0" class="java.beans.XMLDecoder">
- <object class="java.util.Vector">
- <void method="add">
- <object class="SerialableObject">
- <void property="id">
- <int>1</int>
- </void>
- <void property="name">
- <string>Java序列化为XML - 1</string>
- </void>
- <void property="value">
- <double>3.14</double>
- </void>
- </object>
- </void>
- <void method="add">
- <object class="SerialableObject">
- <void property="id">
- <int>2</int>
- </void>
- <void property="name">
- <string>Java序列化为XML - 2</string>
- </void>
- <void property="value">
- <double>3.14159</double>
- </void>
- </object>
- </void>
- <void method="add">
- <object class="SerialableObject">
- <void property="id">
- <int>3</int>
- </void>
- <void property="name">
- <string>Java序列化为XML - 3</string>
- </void>
- <void property="value">
- <double>3.1415926</double>
- </void>
- </object>
- </void>
- <void method="add">
- <object class="SerialableObject">
- <void property="id">
- <int>4</int>
- </void>
- <void property="name">
- <string>Java序列化为XML - 4</string>
- </void>
- <void property="value">
- <double>3.141592653</double>
- </void>
- </object>
- </void>
- <void method="add">
- <object class="SerialableObject">
- <void property="id">
- <int>5</int>
- </void>
- <void property="name">
- <string>Java序列化为XML - 5</string>
- </void>
- <void property="value">
- <double>3.14159265359</double>
- </void>
- </object>
- </void>
- </object>
- </java>