Android系统开机,各个应用是如何加载并被显示到桌面上的呢?带着这份好奇,阅读了在
Android应用程序安装过程源代码分析 一文中,我们看到应用程序的apk归档文件中的配置文件
AndroidManifest.xml 会被解析,解析得到的application,service和activity等信息保存在
PackageManagerService中。
但是我们进入HOME界面,是要看到各个Android app的快捷图标和名称的。显示app的这些信息,
就是我们的HOME,也就是Launcher干的事情了。代码流程是从SystemServer 开始的,调用栈为:
ServerThread::run ( SystemServer.java) ——> ActivityManagerService::main (ActivityManagerService.java)
——> ActivityManagerService:: startRunning ——> ActivityManagerService::systemReady ——>
ActivityStack::resumeTopActivityLocked ——> ActivityManagerService::startHomeActivityLocked
其中startHomeActivityLocked函数首先创建一个CATEGORY_HOME类型的Intent,然后通过
Intent.resolveActivityInfo函数向PackageManagerService查询Category类型为HOME的Activity。
这里只有系统自带的Launcher应用程序注册了HOME类型的Activity
(见packages/apps/Launcher2/AndroidManifest.xml文件):
- <activity
- android:name="com.android.launcher2.Launcher"
- android:launchMode="singleTask"
- android:clearTaskOnLaunch="true"
- android:stateNotNeeded="true"
- android:theme="@style/Theme"
- android:configChanges="mcc|mnc"
- android:windowSoftInputMode="adjustPan"
- android:screenOrientation="nosensor">
- <intent-filter>
- <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
- <category android:name="android.intent.category.HOME" />
- <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
- <category android:name="android.intent.category.MONKEY"/>
- </intent-filter>
- </activity>
最终,com.android.launcher2.Launcher被启动起来,其onCreate函数被调用。具体可参考
Android应用程序启动过程源代码分析 一文。 在activity start流程中,performLaunchActivity会
被调用。里面的mInstrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(activity, r.state); 调用的就是Instrumentation
类的callActivityOnCreate方法。调用堆栈为:ActivityThread::performLaunchActivity ——>
Instrumentation::callActivityOnCreate ——> Activity::performCreate ——> onCreate(icicle);
最后这个就是创建的Launcher 这个Activity覆盖的onCreate方法。至此,Launcher.onCreate
被调用了。接下来的调用流程为:Launcher.onCreate ——> LauncherModel.startLoader ——>
LoaderTask.run ——> LoaderTask.loadAndBindAllApps ——> LoaderTask.loadAllAppsByBatch
函数首先构造一个CATEGORY_LAUNCHER类型的Intent:
- final Intent mainIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_MAIN, null);
- mainIntent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_LAUNCHER);
接着从mContext变量中获得PackageManagerService的接口:
- final PackageManager packageManager = mContext.getPackageManager();
下一步就是通过这个PackageManagerService.queryIntentActivities接口来查询所有Action
类型为Intent.ACTION_MAIN,并且Category类型为Intent.CATEGORY_LAUNCHER的Activity了。
- final PackageManager packageManager = mContext.getPackageManager();
- List<ResolveInfo> apps = null;
- ...
- ...
- apps = packageManager.queryIntentActivities(mainIntent, 0);
PackageManagerService会把系统中的应用程序都解析一遍,然后把解析得到的Activity都保存在
mActivities变量中,这里通过这个mActivities变量的queryIntent函数返回符合条件intent的Activity,这里
要返回的便是Action类型为Intent.ACTION_MAIN,并且Category类型为Intent.CATEGORY_LAUNCHER
的Activity了。
终于知道我们自己写的app的入口activity为啥要设置这样的action和Category了吧??
- for (int j=0; i<N && j<batchSize; j++) {
- // This builds the icon bitmaps.
- mBgAllAppsList.add(new ApplicationInfo(packageManager, apps.get(i),
- mIconCache, mLabelCache));
- i++;
- }
- final ArrayList<ApplicationInfo> added = mBgAllAppsList.added;
- mBgAllAppsList.added = new ArrayList<ApplicationInfo>();
- if (first) {
- callbacks.bindAllApplications(added);
- } else {
- callbacks.bindAppsAdded(added);
- }
通过调用构造函数,将icon设置。
- public ApplicationInfo(PackageManager pm, ResolveInfo info, IconCache iconCache,
- HashMap<Object, CharSequence> labelCache) {
- final String packageName = info.activityInfo.applicationInfo.packageName;
- this.componentName = new ComponentName(packageName, info.activityInfo.name);
- this.container = ItemInfo.NO_ID;
- this.setActivity(componentName,
- Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK | Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_RESET_TASK_IF_NEEDED);
- try {
- int appFlags = pm.getApplicationInfo(packageName, 0).flags;
- if ((appFlags & android.content.pm.ApplicationInfo.FLAG_SYSTEM) == 0) {
- flags |= DOWNLOADED_FLAG;
- if ((appFlags & android.content.pm.ApplicationInfo.FLAG_UPDATED_SYSTEM_APP) != 0) {
- flags |= UPDATED_SYSTEM_APP_FLAG;
- }
- }
- firstInstallTime = pm.getPackageInfo(packageName, 0).firstInstallTime;
- } catch (NameNotFoundException e) {
- Log.d(TAG, "PackageManager.getApplicationInfo failed for " + packageName);
- }
- iconCache.getTitleAndIcon(this, info, labelCache);
- }
- public void getTitleAndIcon(ApplicationInfo application, ResolveInfo info,
- HashMap<Object, CharSequence> labelCache) {
- synchronized (mCache) {
- CacheEntry entry = cacheLocked(application.componentName, info, labelCache);
- application.title = entry.title;
- application.iconBitmap = entry.icon;
- }
- }
- private CacheEntry cacheLocked(ComponentName componentName, ResolveInfo info,
- HashMap<Object, CharSequence> labelCache) {
- if (LauncherLog.DEBUG_LAYOUT) {
- LauncherLog.d(TAG, "cacheLocked: componentName = " + componentName
- + ", info = " + info + ", HashMap<Object, CharSequence>:size = "
- + ((labelCache == null) ? "null" : labelCache.size()));
- }
- CacheEntry entry = mCache.get(componentName);
- if (entry == null) {
- entry = new CacheEntry();
- mCache.put(componentName, entry);
- ComponentName key = LauncherModel.getComponentNameFromResolveInfo(info);
- if (labelCache != null && labelCache.containsKey(key)) {
- entry.title = labelCache.get(key).toString();
- if (LauncherModel.DEBUG_LOADERS) {
- LauncherLog.d(TAG, "CacheLocked get title from cache: title = " + entry.title);
- }
- } else {
- entry.title = info.loadLabel(mPackageManager).toString();
- if (LauncherModel.DEBUG_LOADERS) {
- LauncherLog.d(TAG, "CacheLocked get title from pms: title = " + entry.title);
- }
- if (labelCache != null) {
- labelCache.put(key, entry.title);
- }
- }
- if (entry.title == null) {
- entry.title = info.activityInfo.name;
- if (LauncherModel.DEBUG_LOADERS) {
- LauncherLog.d(TAG, "CacheLocked get title from activity information: entry.title = " + entry.title);
- }
- }
- entry.icon = Utilities.createIconBitmap(
- getFullResIcon(info), mContext);
- }
- return entry;
- }
有了这些ApplicationInfo实例之后,就可以在桌面上展示系统中所有的应用程序了。当我们点击
“HOME"按键的时候,各个应用图标就会被显示。现在我们来看看Launcher::onClick的处理流程:
- public void onClick(View v) {
- ...
- ...
- if (tag instanceof ShortcutInfo) {
- // Open shortcut
- final Intent intent = ((ShortcutInfo) tag).intent;
- int[] pos = new int[2];
- v.getLocationOnScreen(pos);
- intent.setSourceBounds(new Rect(pos[0], pos[1],
- pos[0] + v.getWidth(), pos[1] + v.getHeight()));
- boolean success = startActivitySafely(v, intent, tag);
- if (success && v instanceof BubbleTextView) {
- mWaitingForResume = (BubbleTextView) v;
- mWaitingForResume.setStayPressed(true);
- }
- } else if (tag instanceof FolderInfo) {
- if (v instanceof FolderIcon) {
- FolderIcon fi = (FolderIcon) v;
- handleFolderClick(fi);
- }
- } else if (v == mAllAppsButton) {
- if (isAllAppsVisible()) {
- showWorkspace(true);
- } else {
- onClickAllAppsButton(v);
- }
- }
这里我们点击的是HOME按键,对应的是 v == mAllAppsButton这个case。且看onClickAllAppsButton :
- public void onClickAllAppsButton(View v) {
- showAllApps(true);
- }
- void showAllApps(boolean animated) {
- ...
- ...
- /// M: Call the appropriate callback for the IMTKWidget on the current page when enter all apps list.
- mWorkspace.startCovered(mWorkspace.getCurrentPage());
- showAppsCustomizeHelper(animated, false);
- mAppsCustomizeTabHost.requestFocus();
- ...
- ...
- }
当我们点击应用程序图标的时候,执行的是tag instanceof ShortcutInfo这个case。最终通过调用
final Intent intent = ((ShortcutInfo) tag).intent; 和 boolean success = startActivitySafely(v, intent, tag);
来启动对应app的入口activity。
Launcher的流程暂且分析到这里。我们回过头来看,总共有
(1)PackageManagerService解析app的AndroidManifest.xml。PackageManagerService将应用程序
的apk归档文件中的配置文件AndroidManifest.xml 解析,得到的application,service和activity等信息
保存在PackageManagerService中。
(2)启动Launcher这个app的入口activity,调用其onCreate方法。调用startHomeActivityLocked流程中,
先向PackageManagerService查询Category类型为HOME的Activity,发现只有Launcher;接着进入
startActivity的流程。在performLaunchActivity会调用Instrumentation类的callActivityOnCreate方法。
最后,调用到Launcher 这个app对应的onCreate方法。
(3)构造每个app的入口activity信息对应的ApplicationInfo对象,设置应用程序图标。
Launcher.onCreate调用流程中,通过调用PackageManagerService.queryIntentActivities接口来查询
所有Action类型为Intent.ACTION_MAIN,并且Category类型为Intent.CATEGORY_LAUNCHER的Activity。
(4)Launcher::onClick中调用onClickAllAppsButton来显示布满app的页面(HOME)。
(5)点击应用程序图标时,在Launcher::onClick中调用startActivitySafely启动该应用的入口activity。
要是给咱们自己整个简单的Launcher,只需要保存各个app配置文件AndroidManifest.xml 的各个
重要信息(例如入口activity),然后通过读取配置文件,将应用程序的图标和名称读出来保存起来,
当响应HOME按键时,画出各个应用程序图标和名称等信息。当点击应用程序图标时,获取其
入口Activity等信息,调用startActivity等函数去启动入口Activity。