配置GDB以支持查看stl容器数据

GDB的自定义命令非常有用，通过自定义命令，直接操作容器中的数据，可以方便的查看STL容器中的数据。

这个链接dbinit_stl_views是Dan C Marinescu写的查看STL容器的自定义命令（如果不适合你的STL版本的话，可以自行修改）。把它添加到你的.gdbinit中，就可以方便的查看STL容器了。它提供了查看vector，list，map，multimap，set，multiset，deque，stack，queue，priority_queue，bitset，string，widestring等对象的方法，非常好用！

1. 下载 http://www.yolinux.com/TUTORIALS/src/dbinit_stl_views-1.03.txt

2. #cat dbinit_stl_views-1.03.txt >> ~/.gdbinit

3. 若正处于gdb中，运行命令:

(gdb) source ~/.gdbinit

4. 例如，如下代码：

bugging.cpp

#include <vector>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
vector<int> vec;
vec.push_back(2);
vec.push_back(3);
vec.push_back(4);
return 0;
}

编译：

#g++ -o bugging -g bugging.cpp

gdb调试：.

# gdb bugging
GNU gdb 6.8
Copyright (C) 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>

This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law. Type "show copying"
and "show warranty" for details.
This GDB was configured as "i486-slackware-linux"...
(gdb) help pvector 
Prints std::vector<T> information.
Syntax: pvector <vector> <idx1> <idx2>
Note: idx, idx1 and idx2 must be in acceptable range [0..<vector>.size()-1].
Examples:
pvector v - Prints vector content, size, capacity and T typedef
pvector v 0 - Prints element[idx] from vector
pvector v 1 2 - Prints elements in range [idx1..idx2] from vector
(gdb) break main
Breakpoint 1 at 0x80485c6: file bugging.cpp, line 6.
(gdb) run 
Starting program: /root/learn/c++/bugging 

Breakpoint 1, main () at bugging.cpp:6
6 vector<int> vec;
(gdb) n
7 vec.push_back(2);
(gdb) 
8 vec.push_back(3);
(gdb) pvector 
Prints std::vector<T> information.
Syntax: pvector <vector> <idx1> <idx2>
Note: idx, idx1 and idx2 must be in acceptable range [0..<vector>.size()-1].
Examples:
pvector v - Prints vector content, size, capacity and T typedef
pvector v 0 - Prints element[idx] from vector
pvector v 1 2 - Prints elements in range [idx1..idx2] from vector
(gdb) pvector vec
elem[0]: $1 = 2
Vector size = 1
Vector capacity = 1
Element type = int *
(gdb) n
9 vec.push_back(4);
(gdb) 
10 return 0;
(gdb) pvector vec
elem[0]: $2 = 2
elem[1]: $3 = 3
elem[2]: $4 = 4
Vector size = 3
Vector capacity = 4
Element type = int *
(gdb)

5. 默认情况下gdb不能用[]查看stl容器的数据元素，提示如下错误：

(gdb) print vec[0]
One of the arguments you tried to pass to operator[] could not be converted to what the function wants.

一些常用内置的命令

Data type   GDB command   
std::vector<T>    pvector stl_variable   
std::list<T>  plist stl_variable T   
std::map<T,T> pmap stl_variable   
std::multimap<T,T>    pmap stl_variable   
std::set<T>   pset stl_variable T   
std::multiset<T>  pset stl_variable   
std::deque<T> pdequeue stl_variable   
std::stack<T> pstack stl_variable   
std::queue<T> pqueue stl_variable   
std::priority_queue<T>    ppqueue stl_variable   
std::bitset<n>td>  pbitset stl_variable   
std::string pstring stl_variable   
std::widestring pwstring stl_variable 

原文地址： http://blog.chinaunix.net/space.php?uid=20594049&do=blog&cuid=1953788