在Spring中这两个后置处理器很有用,几乎所有的bean实例化初始化时都会用到这两个后置处理器。
首先,我们先从字眼上来区分下,BeanPostProcessor看起来像是在bean创建后进行相关的处理,BeanFactoryPostProcessor中的BeanFactory当然是用于创建bean的工厂啦,那么BeanFactoryPostProcessor应该是工厂在创建bean时进行的处理或者创建bean工厂后的处理。
下面,我们分别写两个上述接口的实现类,并配置,查看执行结果。
(1)MyBeanPostProcessor.java
package com.alan.spring.postprocessor;
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor;
public class MyPostProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor{
@Override
public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
System.err.println("After Bean '" + beanName + "' created : " + bean.toString());
//这里直接改变了user的类型
if (beanName.equals("user")) {
return "this is a user";
}
return bean;
}
@Override
public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
System.err.println("Before Bean '" + beanName + "' created : " + bean.toString());
return bean;
}
}
(2)MyBeanFactoryPostProcessor.java
package com.alan.spring.postprocessor;
import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanDefinition;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanFactoryPostProcessor;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.ConfigurableListableBeanFactory;
public class MyBeanFactoryPostProcessor implements BeanFactoryPostProcessor{
@Override
public void postProcessBeanFactory(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory factory)
throws BeansException {
BeanDefinition definition = factory.getBeanDefinition("userController");
definition.getPropertyValues().get("username");
definition.getPropertyValues().addPropertyValue("username", "tangtong"); //直接用这个方法就可以覆盖原来设置的值
}
}
(3)UserController.java
说明,实际使用中是不会在controller中注入username这种有状态的属性的,因为有状态的属性就没办法使用单例了,此处仅为举例。
package com.alan.controller;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
@Controller("userController")
public class UserController {
private String username;
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
}
(4)User.java
package com.alan.spring.postprocessor;
public class User {
}
(5)dispatcher.xml中配置上面两个后置处理器
另外,上面的controller通过扫描的方式配置了。
<bean class="com.alan.spring.postprocessor.MyPostProcessor"></bean>
<bean class="com.alan.spring.postprocessor.MyBeanFactoryPostProcessor"></bean>
<bean id="user" class="com.alan.spring.postprocessor.User"></bean>
(6)UnitTest.java
package com.alan.test;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import com.alan.controller.UserController;
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations="classpath*:META-INF/dispatcher.xml")
public class UnitTest {
@Resource
private UserController userController;
@Resource
private String user;
@Test
public void test() {
System.err.println("MyBeanFactoryPostProcessor execute result : the controller's username property was set to : " + userController.getUsername());
System.err.println("the user is : " + user);
}
}
运行上面的单元测试,查看控制台的输出结果,如果不出意外,应该可以看到类似下面的字样:
Before Bean 'user' created : com.alan.spring.postprocessor.User@12bd8a64
After Bean 'user' created : com.alan.spring.postprocessor.User@12bd8a64
Before Bean 'userController' created : com.alan.controller.UserController@5a8ba37c
After Bean 'userController' created : com.alan.controller.UserController@5a8ba37c
MyBeanFactoryPostProcessor execute result : the controller's username property was set to : tangtong
the user is : this is a user
运行单元测试时,可以使用debug模式在两个实现类中打上断点,查看它们的执行顺序。可以发现,先执行了MyBeanFactoryPostProcessor的方法,再分别执行MyBeanPostProcessor的两个方法,且MyBeanFactoryPostProcessor只执行一次,而MyBeanPostProcessor的两个方法针对每一个bean却分别至少执行一次。
由此可见,BeanFactoryPostProcessor用于改变原来配置的bean的元数据,可以改变bean的信息,比如bean对应的类,bean引用的对象,bean属性的值等,且它的执行过程是在bean实例化之前。BeanPostProcessor则是在bean实例化之后,bean初始化前后分别执行拦截,也可以改变bean的信息,不过两者的执行时间点不同。
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