LeetCode Ugly Number i,ii详解

// Date : 2016.07.25
// Author : yqtao
// https://github.com/yqtaowhu

/*****************************************************************************
*
* Write a program to check whether a given number is an ugly number.
*
* Ugly numbers are positive numbers whose prime factors only include 2, 3, 5. For
* example, 6, 8 are ugly while 14 is not ugly since it includes another prime factor 7.
*
* Note that 1 is typically treated as an ugly number.
*
* Credits:Special thanks to @jianchao.li.fighter for adding this problem and creating
* all test cases.
*
*****************************************************************************/

class Solution {
public:
    //greeting algorithm
    bool isUgly(int num) {
        if ( num == 0 ) return false;
        //becasue the 2,3,5 are prime numbers, so, we just simply remove each factors 
        //by keeping dividing them one by one 
        while ( num % 2 == 0 ) num /= 2;
        while ( num % 3 == 0 ) num /= 3;
        while ( num % 5 == 0 ) num /= 5;

        return num == 1;
    }
};

/*****************************************************************************
*
* Write a program to find the n-th ugly number.
*
* Ugly numbers are positive numbers whose prime factors only include 2, 3, 5. For
* example, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12 is the sequence of the first 10 ugly numbers.
*
* Note that 1 is typically treated as an ugly number.
*
* The naive approach is to call isUgly for every number until you reach the nth one.
* Most numbers are not ugly. Try to focus your effort on generating only the ugly ones.
*
* An ugly number must be multiplied by either 2, 3, or 5 from a smaller ugly number.
*
* The key is how to maintain the order of the ugly numbers. Try a similar approach
* of merging from three sorted lists: L1, L2, and L3.
*
* Assume you have Uk, the kth ugly number. Then Uk+1 must be Min(L1 * 2, L2 * 3, L3
* * 5).
*****************************************************************************/
/*
*We have an array k of first n ugly number. We only know, at the beginning, the first one, which is 1. Then
*k[1] = min( k[0]x2, k[0]x3, k[0]x5). The answer is k[0]x2. So we move 2’s pointer to 1. Then we test:
*k[2] = min( k[1]x2, k[0]x3, k[0]x5). And so on. Be careful about the cases such as 6,
*in which we need to forward both pointers of 2 and 3.
*x here is multiplication.
*/

要注意，后面的丑数是有前一个丑数乘以2，3，5中的一个得来。因此可以用动态规划去 求解
k[1] = min( k[0]x2, k[0]x3, k[0]x5)
k[2] = min( k[1]x2, k[0]x3, k[0]x5)

class Solution {
public:
    int nthUglyNumber(int n) {
        if (n<=0) return 0;
        if (n==1) return 1;
        vector<int>k(n);
        k[0]=1;
        int t2=0,t3=0,t5=0;
        for (int i=1;i<n;i++) {
            k[i]=min(k[t2]*2,min(k[t3]*3,k[t5]*5));
            if (k[i]==k[t2]*2) t2++;
            if (k[i]==k[t3]*3) t3++;
            if (k[i]==k[t5]*5) t5++;
        }
        return k[n-1];
    }
};