这是caffe文档中Notebook Examples的第一篇，链接地址http://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/BVLC/caffe/blob/master/examples/00-classification.ipynb
这个例子利用CaffeNet模型对caffe文件夹下的那张小猫的图像进行分类，逐层可视化图像特征，CaffeNet基于ImageNet。同时比较了CPU和GPU操作。
1. 准备模型，引入必要的模块：
由于这里是用CaffeNet的测试阶段因此，需要下载参数文件，在caffe的根目录下运行：
./scripts/download_model_binary.py$CAFFE-ROOT/models/bvlc_reference_caffenet文件夹下, $CAFFE-ROOT为caffe根目录
在ipython下运行
import numpy as np #调用numpy模块，调用名称为np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt #调用matplotlib.pyplot模块，调用名称为plt
import sys
caffe_root = '/home/username/caffe-master' #caffe根目录
sys.path.append('/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages')
model_file = caffe_root + '/models/bvlc_reference_caffenet/deploy.prototxt' #CaffeNet网络结构
pretrained = caffe_root + '/models/bvlc_reference_caffenet/bvlc_reference_caffenet.caffemodel' #参数文件
image_file = caffe_root+'/examples/images/cat.jpg' #测试数据
npload = caffe_root + '/python/caffe/imagenet/ilsvrc_2012_mean.npy' #计算平均值
import caffe
plt.rcParams['figure.figsize'] = (10, 10) # 显示图标大小为10
plt.rcParams['image.interpolation'] = 'nearest' # 图形差值以最近为原则
plt.rcParams['image.cmap'] = 'gray' #背景颜色为灰色２. 设置CPU摸式运行，加载模型和参数文件，配置输入预处理
caffe.set_mode_cpu()
net = caffe.Net(model_file, pretrained, caffe.TEST) #构建网络
transformer = caffe.io.Transformer({'data':net.blobs['data'].data.shape })
transformer.set_transpose('data',(2,0,1))
transformer.set_mean('data',np.load(npload).mean(1).mean(1)) #计算像素平均值
transformer.set_raw_scale('data',255) #将图像转到灰白空间
transformer.set_channel_swap('data',(2,1,0)) # 参考模型通道为BGR,需转换成RGB,括号中的数字表示排列顺序
４测试数据
net.blobs['data'].reshape(50, 3, 227, 227)
net.blobs['data'].data[...] = transformer.preprocess('data',caffe.io.load_image(image_file)) #读取文件
out = net.forward()
print("Predicted class is #{}.".format(out['prob'][0].argmax()))５. 显示图片：
plt.imshow(transformer.deprocess('data', net.blobs['data'].data[0]))
６. 获取标签
命令行caffe-根目录输入语句
./data/ilsvrc12/get_ilsvrc_aux.sh之后代码输入：
imagenet_labels_filename = caffe_root + '/data/ilsvrc12/synset_words.txt'
labels = np.loadtxt(imagenet_labels_filename, str, delimiter='\t')
top_k = net.blobs['prob'].data[0].flatten().argsort()[-1:-6:-1]
print labels[top_k]可以看到如下结果
['n02123045 tabby, tabby cat' 'n02123159 tiger cat'
'n02124075 Egyptian cat' 'n02119022 red fox, Vulpes vulpes'
'n02127052 lynx, catamount']
7.CPU下获取一次运行事件
net.forward() # call once for allocation
%timeit net.forward()8.在GPU下运行
caffe.set_device(0)
caffe.set_mode_gpu()
net.forward() # call once for allocation
%timeit net.forward()
9. 网络各层特征和结构
[(k, v.data.shape) for k, v in net.blobs.items()]
输出：参数中第一个为网络名，后面四个数分别为批处理大小，滤波器个数，每个神经元中图像大小
[('data', (50, 3, 227, 227)),
('conv1', (50, 96, 55, 55)),
('pool1', (50, 96, 27, 27)),
('norm1', (50, 96, 27, 27)),
('conv2', (50, 256, 27, 27)),
('pool2', (50, 256, 13, 13)),
('norm2', (50, 256, 13, 13)),
('conv3', (50, 384, 13, 13)),
('conv4', (50, 384, 13, 13)),
('conv5', (50, 256, 13, 13)),
('pool5', (50, 256, 6, 6)),
('fc6', (50, 4096)),
('fc7', (50, 4096)),
('fc8', (50, 1000)),
('prob', (50, 1000))]
10. 参数的形状，
[(k, v[0].data.shape) for k, v in net.params.items()]
[('conv1', (96, 3, 11, 11)),
('conv2', (256, 48, 5, 5)),
('conv3', (384, 256, 3, 3)),
('conv4', (384, 192, 3, 3)),
('conv5', (256, 192, 3, 3)),
('fc6', (4096, 9216)),
('fc7', (4096, 4096)),
('fc8', (1000, 4096))]
11. 用于可视化的函数
# take an array of shape (n, height, width) or (n, height, width, channels)
# and visualize each (height, width) thing in a grid of size approx. sqrt(n) by sqrt(n)
def vis_square(data, padsize=1, padval=0):
data -= data.min()
data /= data.max()
# force the number of filters to be square
n = int(np.ceil(np.sqrt(data.shape[0])))
padding = ((0, n ** 2 - data.shape[0]), (0, padsize), (0, padsize)) + ((0, 0),) * (data.ndim - 3)
data = np.pad(data, padding, mode='constant', constant_values=(padval, padval))
# tile the filters into an image
data = data.reshape((n, n) + data.shape[1:]).transpose((0, 2, 1, 3) + tuple(range(4, data.ndim + 1)))
data = data.reshape((n * data.shape[1], n * data.shape[3]) + data.shape[4:])
plt.imshow(data)12. 显示conv1的滤波器：共96个
# the parameters are a list of [weights, biases]
filters = net.params['conv1'][0].data
vis_square(filters.transpose(0, 2, 3, 1))
13. 第一层的输出：前36个
feat = net.blobs['conv1'].data[0, :36]
vis_square(feat, padval=1)
14. 第二层的滤波器，conv2
这一层有256个滤波器，每一个由5x5x48维， 这里只展示前48个滤波器。每个通道分开显示，因此每个滤波器是一行
filters = net.params['conv2'][0].data
vis_square(filters[:48].reshape(48**2, 5, 5))
15. 第二层前36个输出(第二个卷积层输出，已修正的，共有256个通道，这里显示前36个)
feat = net.blobs['conv2'].data[0, :36]
vis_square(feat, padval=1)
16. 第三层卷积层的输出（已修正的，所有的384个通道）
feat = net.blobs['conv3'].data[0]
vis_square(feat, padval=0.5)
17. 第四层卷积层输出（已修正的，所有384个通道）
feat = net.blobs['conv4'].data[0]
vis_square(feat, padval=0.5)
18. 第５层卷积输出(已修正的，所有的256个通道)
feat = net.blobs['conv5'].data[0]
vis_square(feat, padval=0.5)
19.第5层池化后的输出
feat = net.blobs['pool5'].data[0]
vis_square(feat, padval=1)
20. 第一个全连接层输出直方分布图（fc6,已修正的）
feat = net.blobs['fc6'].data[0]
plt.subplot(2, 1, 1)
plt.plot(feat.flat)
plt.subplot(2, 1, 2)
_ = plt.hist(feat.flat[feat.flat > 0], bins=100)
21. 第二个全连接层的输出（fc7, 已修正的）分布不在平均
feat = net.blobs['fc7'].data[0]
plt.subplot(2, 1, 1)
plt.plot(feat.flat)
plt.subplot(2, 1, 2)
_ = plt.hist(feat.flat[feat.flat > 0], bins=100)
22. 最后的概率输出(prob)
feat = net.blobs['prob'].data[0]
plt.plot(feat.flat)
23. 看一下概率最大的几个标签
# load labels
imagenet_labels_filename = caffe_root + 'data/ilsvrc12/synset_words.txt'
try:
labels = np.loadtxt(imagenet_labels_filename, str, delimiter='\t')
except:
!/data/ilsvrc12/get_ilsvrc_aux.sh
labels = np.loadtxt(imagenet_labels_filename, str, delimiter='\t')
# sort top k predictions from softmax output
top_k = net.blobs['prob'].data[0].flatten().argsort()[-1:-6:-1]
print labels[top_k]打印结果：
['n02123045 tabby, tabby cat' 'n02123159 tiger cat'
'n02124075 Egyptian cat' 'n02119022 red fox, Vulpes vulpes'
'n02127052 lynx, catamount']
参考网站：
http://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/BVLC/caffe/blob/master/examples/00-classification.ipynb
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