java学习-IO（Filenames and Pathnames）

Constructing a Filename Path

A File object is used to represent a filename. Creating the File object has no effect on the file system; the filename need not exist nor is it created.

On Windows, this example creates the path /a/b. On Unix, the path would be /a/b.

    String path = File.separator + "a" + File.separator + "b";

Converting Between a Filename Path and a URL

     // Create a file object

    File file = new File("filename");

    // Convert the file object to a URL

    URL url = null;

    try {

        // The file need not exist. It is made into an absolute path

        // by prefixing the current working directory

        url = file.toURL();          

        // file:/d:/almanac1.4/java.io/filename

    } catch (MalformedURLException e) {

    }

    // Convert the URL to a file object

    file = new File(url.getFile());  // d:/almanac1.4/java.io/filename

    // Read the file contents using the URL

    try {

        // Open an input stream

        InputStream is = url.openStream();

        // Read from is

        is.close();

    } catch (IOException e) {

        // Could not open the file

    }

Getting an Absolute Filename Path from a Relative Filename Path

     File file = new File("filename.txt");

    file = file.getAbsoluteFile();  // c:/temp/filename.txt

    file = new File("dir"+File.separatorChar+"filename.txt");

    file = file.getAbsoluteFile();  // c:/temp/dir/filename.txt

    file = new File(".."+File.separatorChar+"filename.txt");

    file = file.getAbsoluteFile();  // c:/temp/../filename.txt

    // Note that filename.txt does not need to exist

Determining If Two Filename Paths Refer to the Same File

A filename path may include redundant names such as `.' or `..' or symbolic links (on UNIX platforms). File.getCanonicalFile() converts a filename path to a unique canonical form suitable for comparisons.

    File file1 = new File("./filename");

    File file2 = new File("filename");

   

    // Filename paths are not equal

    boolean b = file1.equals(file2);      // false

   

    // Normalize the paths

    try {

        file1 = file1.getCanonicalFile(); // c:/almanac1.4/filename

        file2 = file2.getCanonicalFile(); // c:/almanac1.4/filename

    } catch (IOException e) {

    }

   

    // Filename paths are now equal

    b = file1.equals(file2);              // true

Getting the Parents of a Filename Path

// Get the parent of a relative filename path

    File file = new File("Ex1.java");

    String parentPath = file.getParent();      // null

    File parentDir = file.getParentFile();     // null

    // Get the parents of an absolute filename path

    file = new File("D://almanac//Ex1.java");

    parentPath = file.getParent();             // D:/almanac

    parentDir = file.getParentFile();          // D:/almanac

    parentPath = parentDir.getParent();        // D:/

    parentDir = parentDir.getParentFile();     // D:/

    parentPath = parentDir.getParent();        // null

    parentDir = parentDir.getParentFile();     // null

Determining If a Filename Path Is a File or a Directory

     File dir = new File("directoryName");

    boolean isDir = dir.isDirectory();

    if (isDir) {

        // dir is a directory

    } else {

        // dir is a file

}