云原生之kubectl命令详解

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已于 2022-11-05 17:34:39 修改

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分类专栏： k8s 运维文章标签： kubernetes docker java

于 2022-11-02 01:45:33 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_62948770/article/details/127643882

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本文详细介绍了kubectl命令的使用，包括查看版本、资源对象、集群信息、获取资源、创建与删除命名空间、操作Deployment、服务暴露、查看详细信息等关键操作，是深入理解Kubernetes管理工具kubectl的实用教程。

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1、查看版本信息：kubectl version

2、查看资源对象简写（缩写）：kubectl api-resources

3、查看集群信息：kubectl cluster-info

4、查看帮助信息：kubectl --help

5、node节点日志查看：journalctl -u kubelet -f

6、获取一个或多个资源信息：kubectl get

6.1、查看所有命名空间运行的pod信息： kubectl get pods -A

6.2、查看所有命名空间运行的pod详细信息： kubectl get pods -A -o wide

6.3、查看所有资源对象：kubectl get all -A

6.4、查看node节点上的标签：kube get nodes --show-labels

6.5、查看pod节点上的标签：kubectl get pods --show-labels -A

6.6、查看节点状态信息：kubectl get cs

6.7、查看命名空间：kubectl get namespaces

7、创建命名空间：kubectl create ns app

8、删除命名空间：kubectl delete ns ceshi

9、在命名空间kube-public创建无状态控制器deployment来启动pod，暴露80端口，副本集为3

11、暴露发布pod中的服务供用户访问

12、删除pod中的nginx服务及service

13、查看endpoint的信息

14、修改/更新（镜像、参数......） kubectl set

15、调整副本集的数量：kubectl scale

16、查看详细信息：kubectl describe

16.1、显示所有的nodes的详细信息：kubectl describe nodes

16.2、查看某个node的详细信息

16.3、显示所有Pod的详细信息：kubectl describe pods

16.4、显示一个pod的详细信息：kubectl describe deploy/nginx

16.5、显示所有svc详细信息：kubectl describe svc

16.6、显示指定svc的详细信息：kubectl describe svc nginx-service

16.7、显示所有namespace的详细信息：kubectl describe ns

16.8、显示指定namespace的详细信息：kubectl describe ns kube-public

1、查看版本信息：kubectl version

[root@master ~]# kubectl version

[root@master ~]# kubectl version
Client Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"21", GitVersion:"v1.21.3", GitCommit:"ca643a4d1f7bfe34773c74f79527be4afd95bf39", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2021-07-15T21:04:39Z", GoVersion:"go1.16.6", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}
Server Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"21", GitVersion:"v1.21.3", GitCommit:"ca643a4d1f7bfe34773c74f79527be4afd95bf39", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2021-07-15T20:59:07Z", GoVersion:"go1.16.6", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}
[root@master ~]# kubectl

2、查看资源对象简写（缩写）：kubectl api-resources

[root@master ~]# kubectl api-resources

Client Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"21", GitVersion:"v1.21.3", GitCommit:"ca643a4d1f7bfe34773c74f79527be4afd95bf39", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2021-07-15T21:04:39Z", GoVersion:"go1.16.6", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}
Server Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"21", GitVersion:"v1.21.3", GitCommit:"ca643a4d1f7bfe34773c74f79527be4afd95bf39", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2021-07-15T20:59:07Z", GoVersion:"go1.16.6", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"}
[root@master ~]# kubectl api-resources
NAME                              SHORTNAMES   APIVERSION                             NAMESPACED   KIND
bindings                                       v1                                     true         Binding
componentstatuses                 cs           v1                                     false        ComponentStatus
configmaps                        cm           v1                                     true         ConfigMap
endpoints                         ep           v1                                     true         Endpoints
events                            ev           v1                                     true         Event
limitranges                       limits       v1                                     true         LimitRange
namespaces                        ns           v1                                     false        Namespace
nodes                             no           v1                                     false        Node
persistentvolumeclaims            pvc          v1                                     true         PersistentVolumeClaim
persistentvolumes                 pv           v1                                     false        PersistentVolume
pods                              po           v1                                     true         Pod
podtemplates                                   v1                                     true         PodTemplate
replicationcontrollers            rc           v1                                     true         ReplicationController
resourcequotas                    quota        v1                                     true         ResourceQuota
secrets                                        v1                                     true         Secret
serviceaccounts                   sa           v1                                     true         ServiceAccount
services                          svc          v1                                     true         Service
mutatingwebhookconfigurations                  admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1        false        MutatingWebhookConfiguration
validatingwebhookconfigurations                admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1        false        ValidatingWebhookConfiguration
customresourcedefinitions         crd,crds     apiextensions.k8s.io/v1                false        CustomResourceDefinition
apiservices                                    apiregistration.k8s.io/v1              false        APIService
controllerrevisions                            apps/v1                                true         ControllerRevision
daemonsets                        ds           apps/v1                                true         DaemonSet
deployments                       deploy       apps/v1                                true         Deployment
replicasets                       rs           apps/v1                                true         ReplicaSet
statefulsets                      sts          apps/v1                                true         StatefulSet
tokenreviews                                   authentication.k8s.io/v1               false        TokenReview
localsubjectaccessreviews                      authorization.k8s.io/v1                true         LocalSubjectAccessReview
selfsubjectaccessreviews                       authorization.k8s.io/v1                false        SelfSubjectAccessReview
selfsubjectrulesreviews                        authorization.k8s.io/v1                false        SelfSubjectRulesReview
subjectaccessreviews                           authorization.k8s.io/v1                false        SubjectAccessReview
horizontalpodautoscalers          hpa          autoscaling/v1                         true         HorizontalPodAutoscaler
cronjobs                          cj           batch/v1                               true         CronJob
jobs                                           batch/v1                               true         Job
certificatesigningrequests        csr          certificates.k8s.io/v1                 false        CertificateSigningRequest
leases                                         coordination.k8s.io/v1                 true         Lease
endpointslices                                 discovery.k8s.io/v1                    true         EndpointSlice
events                            ev           events.k8s.io/v1                       true         Event
ingresses                         ing          extensions/v1beta1                     true         Ingress
flowschemas                                    flowcontrol.apiserver.k8s.io/v1beta1   false        FlowSchema
prioritylevelconfigurations                    flowcontrol.apiserver.k8s.io/v1beta1   false        PriorityLevelConfiguration
ingressclasses                                 networking.k8s.io/v1                   false        IngressClass
ingresses                         ing          networking.k8s.io/v1                   true         Ingress
networkpolicies                   netpol       networking.k8s.io/v1                   true         NetworkPolicy
runtimeclasses                                 node.k8s.io/v1                         false        RuntimeClass
poddisruptionbudgets              pdb          policy/v1                              true         PodDisruptionBudget
podsecuritypolicies               psp          policy/v1beta1                         false        PodSecurityPolicy
clusterrolebindings                            rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1           false        ClusterRoleBinding
clusterroles                                   rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1           false        ClusterRole
rolebindings                                   rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1           true         RoleBinding
roles                                          rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1           true         Role
priorityclasses                   pc           scheduling.k8s.io/v1                   false        PriorityClass
csidrivers                                     storage.k8s.io/v1                      false        CSIDriver
csinodes                                       storage.k8s.io/v1                      false        CSINode
csistoragecapacities                           storage.k8s.io/v1beta1                 true         CSIStorageCapacity
storageclasses                    sc           storage.k8s.io/v1                      false        StorageClass
volumeattachments                              storage.k8s.io/v1                      false        VolumeAttachment

3、查看集群信息：kubectl cluster-info

[root@master ~]# kubectl cluster-info

Kubernetes control plane is running at https://192.168.159.10:6443
CoreDNS is running at https://192.168.159.10:6443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/kube-dns:dns/proxy

To further debug and diagnose cluster problems, use 'kubectl cluster-info dump'.

4、查看帮助信息：kubectl --help

[root@master ~]# kubectl --help

kubectl controls the Kubernetes cluster manager.

 Find more information at: https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/kubectl/overview/

Basic Commands (Beginner):
  create        Create a resource from a file or from stdin.
  expose        使用 replication controller, service, deployment 或者 pod 并暴露它作为一个 新的 Kubernetes
Service
  run           在集群中运行一个指定的镜像
  set           为 objects 设置一个指定的特征

Basic Commands (Intermediate):
  explain       查看资源的文档
  get           显示一个或更多 resources
  edit          在服务器上编辑一个资源
  delete        Delete resources by filenames, stdin, resources and names, or by resources and label selector

Deploy Commands:
  rollout       Manage the rollout of a resource
  scale         Set a new size for a Deployment, ReplicaSet or Replication Controller
  autoscale     Auto-scale a Deployment, ReplicaSet, StatefulSet, or ReplicationController

Cluster Management Commands:
  certificate   修改 certificate 资源.
  cluster-info  显示集群信息
  top           显示 Resource (CPU/Memory) 使用.
  cordon        标记 node 为 unschedulable
  uncordon      标记 node 为 schedulable
  drain         Drain node in preparation for maintenance
  taint         更新一个或者多个 node 上的 taints

Troubleshooting and Debugging Commands:
  describe      显示一个指定 resource 或者 group 的 resources 详情
  logs          输出容器在 pod 中的日志
  attach        Attach 到一个运行中的 container
  exec          在一个 container 中执行一个命令
  port-forward  Forward one or more local ports to a pod
  proxy         运行一个 proxy 到 Kubernetes API server
  cp            复制 files 和 directories 到 containers 和从容器中复制 files 和 directories.
  auth          Inspect authorization
  debug         Create debugging sessions for troubleshooting workloads and nodes

Advanced Commands:
  diff          Diff live version against would-be applied version
  apply         通过文件名或标准输入流(stdin)对资源进行配置
  patch         Update field(s) of a resource
  replace       通过 filename 或者 stdin替换一个资源
  wait          Experimental: Wait for a specific condition on