Android学习笔记（Google官方教程）（六）

最新推荐文章于 2021-05-26 01:46:28 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2021-05-26 01:46:28 发布

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文章标签： android

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/tringbtb/article/details/51225351

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与其他app进行交互

将用户发送给另一个app

创建隐式意图

隐式意图没有声明类型，但是声明了执行的动作

隐式意图的数据可能是一个Uri

Uri number = Uri.parse("tel:5551234");
Intent callIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_DIAL, number);

查看地图

// Map point based on address   
Uri location = Uri.parse("geo:0,0?q=1600+Amphitheatre+Parkway,+Mountain+View,+California");
// Or map point based on latitude/longitude
// Uri location = Uri.parse("geo:37.422219,-122.08364?z=14"); // z param is zoom level
Intent mapIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, location);

查看网页

Uri webpage = Uri.parse("http://www.android.com");
Intent  webIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, webpage);

其他类型的隐式意图需要额外的数据

发送Email

Intent emailIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
// The intent does not have a URI, so declare the "text/plain" MIME type
emailIntent.setType(HTTP.PLAIN_TEXT_TYPE);
emailIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, new String[] {"jon@example.com"}); // recipients
emailIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "Email subject");
emailIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "Email message text");
emailIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, Uri.parse("content://path/to/email/attachment"));
// You can also attach multiple items by passing an ArrayList of Uris

创建日历

Intent calendarIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_INSERT, Events.CONTENT_URI);
Calendar beginTime = Calendar.getInstance().set(2012, 0, 19, 7, 30);
Calendar endTime = Calendar.getInstance().set(2012, 0, 19, 10, 30);
calendarIntent.putExtra(CalendarContract.EXTRA_EVENT_BEGIN_TIME, beginTime.getTimeInMillis());
calendarIntent.putExtra(CalendarContract.EXTRA_EVENT_END_TIME, endTime.getTimeInMillis());
calendarIntent.putExtra(Events.TITLE, "Ninja class");
calendarIntent.putExtra(Events.EVENT_LOCATION, "Secret dojo");

如果你想要显示图片，应该设置MIME类型image/*

验证App接收到意图

在调用意图之前应总要包含一个验证步骤

如果你调用了意图但在设备上却没有可以处理意图的App，你的app将会崩溃

验证有可用的activity可以回复意图，调用queryIntentActivities() 获得处理你的意图的可用activities的集合。如果这个集合是非空，你可以安全地使用意图

PackageManager packageManager = getPackageManager();
List activities = packageManager.queryIntentActivities(intent,
PackageManager.MATCH_DEFAULT_ONLY);
boolean isIntentSafe = activities.size() > 0;

使用意图启动Activity

// Build the intent
Uri location = Uri.parse("geo:0,0?q=1600+Amphitheatre+Parkway,+Mountain+View,+California");
Intent mapIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, location);
// Verify it resolves
PackageManager packageManager = getPackageManager();
List activities = packageManager.queryIntentActivities(mapIntent, 0);
boolean isIntentSafe = activities.size() > 0;

// Start an activity if it's safe
if (isIntentSafe) {
    startActivity(mapIntent);
}

显示App选择器

当用户每次都想从多种app中选择一种，你应该创建一个意图，使用createChooser()并将它传递给 startActivity()

Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
...

// Always use string resources for UI text.
// This says something like "Share this photo with"
String title = getResources().getString(R.string.chooser_title);
// Create intent to show chooser
Intent chooser = Intent.createChooser(intent, title);

// Verify the intent will resolve to at least one activity
if (intent.resolveActivity(getPackageManager()) != null) {
    startActivity(chooser);
}

从一个Activity中得到结果

启动一个活动

调用startActivityForResult()启动Activity，调用onActivityResult()得到结果
startActivityForResult()第二个参数是请求码，用来标识你的请求

static final int PICK_CONTACT_REQUEST = 1;  // The request code
...
private void pickContact() {
    Intent pickContactIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_PICK, Uri.parse("content://contacts"));
    pickContactIntent.setType(Phone.CONTENT_TYPE); // Show user only contacts w/ phone numbers
    startActivityForResult(pickContactIntent, PICK_CONTACT_REQUEST);
}

接受结果

onActivityResult()三个参数

你传递给startActivityForResult()的请求码
指定第二个活动的结果码。如果操作成功将返回 RESULT_OK，如果按下返回键或者失败将返回RESULT_CANCELED
携带结果数据的意图
@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
    // Check which request we're responding to
    if (requestCode == PICK_CONTACT_REQUEST) {
        // Make sure the request was successful
        if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
            // The user picked a contact.
            // The Intent's data Uri identifies which contact was selected.

            // Do something with the contact here (bigger example below)
        }
    }
}

读取联系人的数据

         // Get the URI that points to the selected contact
            Uri contactUri = data.getData();
            // We only need the NUMBER column, because there will be only one row in the result
            String[] projection = {Phone.NUMBER};

            // Perform the query on the contact to get the NUMBER column
            // We don't need a selection or sort order (there's only one result for the given URI)
            // CAUTION: The query() method should be called from a separate thread to avoid blocking
            // your app's UI thread. (For simplicity of the sample, this code doesn't do that.)
            // Consider using CursorLoader to perform the query.
            Cursor cursor = getContentResolver()
                    .query(contactUri, projection, null, null, null);
            cursor.moveToFirst();

            // Retrieve the phone number from the NUMBER column
            int column = cursor.getColumnIndex(Phone.NUMBER);
            String number = cursor.getString(column);

            // Do something with the phone number...

允许其他app启动你的活动

为了允许其他的app启动你的活动，你需要在清单文件里为你的活动添加的属性与你的

添加意图过滤器

系统将会发送一个规定的意图，如果活动有意图过滤器并且满足关于Intent object的以下规定
- Action：执行动作的字符串名字
- Data：和意图联系的数据描述
在意图过滤器的元素指定它，在这个元素中指定一种或多种属性，你可以只指定MIME类型，或是URI前缀，抑或是URI组合，或者是这三种的组合和其他可以指定接受数据的类型

如果你不需要指定一个数据URI，你应该仅仅使用android:mimeType属性来声明你活动处理的数据，例如text/plain or image/jpeg

Category：提供一种额外的方法来描述处理意图的活动的特征，所有的隐式意图默认都有CATEGORY_DEFAULT的定义
在意图过滤器的元素下指定

<activity android:name="ShareActivity">
    <intent-filter>
        <action android:name="android.intent.action.SEND"/>
        <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT"/>
        <data android:mimeType="text/plain"/>
        <data android:mimeType="image/*"/>
    </intent-filter>
</activity>

* 每个即将到来的意图都会指定 only one action and one data type,但在每个中都可以声明多种, , and 元素的实例

    <activity android:name="ShareActivity">
        <!-- filter for sending text; accepts SENDTO action with sms URI schemes -->
        <intent-filter>
            <action android:name="android.intent.action.SENDTO"/>
            <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT"/>
            <data android:scheme="sms" />
            <data android:scheme="smsto" />
        </intent-filter>
        <!-- filter for sending text or images; accepts SEND action and text or image data -->
        <intent-filter>
            <action android:name="android.intent.action.SEND"/>
            <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT"/>
            <data android:mimeType="image/*"/>
            <data android:mimeType="text/plain"/>
        </intent-filter>
    </activity>

为了接受到隐式意图，在你的意图过滤器中必须包含 CATEGORY_DEFAULT category ，如果不声明它，将没有隐式意图能够决定你的活动

在你的App中处理意图

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

    setContentView(R.layout.main);

    // Get the intent that started this activity
    Intent intent = getIntent();
    Uri data = intent.getData();

    // Figure out what to do based on the intent type
    if (intent.getType().indexOf("image/") != -1) {
        // Handle intents with image data ...
    } else if (intent.getType().equals("text/plain")) {
        // Handle intents with text ...
    }
}

返回结果

如果你想要将结果返回给传唤你的应用，仅仅调用setResult()指定结果码和结果意图。当你的操作完成并且用户应该返回到你原来的活动，调用finish()关闭你的应用

// Create intent to deliver some kind of result data
Intent result = new Intent("com.example.RESULT_ACTION", Uri.parse("content://result_uri"));
setResult(Activity.RESULT_OK, result);
finish();