【ffmpeg】常用结构体集合

看大牛雷霄骅的博客,再次精简出学习ffmpeg的一些知识,
本篇简要整理一下ffmpeg中常用的几个结构体,以作备忘。

本人所用ffmpeg源码版本:ffmpeg-2.8.3,注意,版本不同,某些代码结构及其及所在文件、位置可能不同。


几种重要结构体之间的关系,图片来自雷神(雷霄骅)博客
这里写图片描述


结构体AVFormatContext
该结构体在avformat.h中,AVFormatContext主要存储视音频封装格式中包含的信息,包含编解码码流丰富的信息,统领全局的基本结构体,主要用于处理封装格式(FLV/MKV/RMVB等),由avformat_alloc_context()初始化,由avformat_free_context()销毁。如下:比较重要的成员已做注释

typedef struct AVFormatContext {
    const AVClass *av_class;
    struct AVInputFormat *iformat;  //输入数据的封装格式
    struct AVOutputFormat *oformat;
    void *priv_data;
    AVIOContext *pb; //输入数据的缓存
    int ctx_flags;
    unsigned int nb_streams;
    AVStream **streams;  //视音频流
    char filename[1024]; //文件名
    int64_t start_time;
    int64_t duration;  //时长(单位:微秒us,转换为秒需要除以1000000)
    int bit_rate;  //比特率(单位bps,转换为kbps需要除以1000)
    unsigned int packet_size;
    int max_delay;
    int flags;
#if FF_API_PROBESIZE_32
    unsigned int probesize;
    attribute_deprecated
    int max_analyze_duration;
#endif
    const uint8_t *key;
    int keylen;
    unsigned int nb_programs;
    AVProgram **programs;
    enum AVCodecID video_codec_id;
    enum AVCodecID audio_codec_id;
    enum AVCodecID subtitle_codec_id;
    unsigned int max_index_size;
    unsigned int max_picture_buffer;
    unsigned int nb_chapters;
    AVChapter **chapters;
    AVDictionary *metadata;  //元数据
    int64_t start_time_realtime;
    int fps_probe_size;
    int error_recognition;
    AVIOInterruptCB interrupt_callback;
    int debug;
#define FF_FDEBUG_TS        0x0001
    int64_t max_interleave_delta;
    int strict_std_compliance;
    int event_flags;
    int max_ts_probe;
    int avoid_negative_ts;
    int ts_id;
    int audio_preload;
    int max_chunk_duration;
    int max_chunk_size;
    int use_wallclock_as_timestamps;
    int avio_flags;
    enum AVDurationEstimationMethod duration_estimation_method;
    int64_t skip_initial_bytes;
    unsigned int correct_ts_overflow;
    int seek2any;
    int flush_packets;
    int probe_score;
    int format_probesize;
    char *codec_whitelist;
    char *format_whitelist;
    AVFormatInternal *internal;
    int io_repositioned;
    AVCodec *video_codec;
    AVCodec *audio_codec;
    AVCodec *subtitle_codec;
    AVCodec *data_codec;
    int metadata_header_padding;
    void *opaque;
    av_format_control_message control_message_cb;
    int64_t output_ts_offset;
#if FF_API_PROBESIZE_32
    int64_t max_analyze_duration2;
#else
    int64_t max_analyze_duration;
#endif
#if FF_API_PROBESIZE_32
    int64_t probesize2;
#else
    int64_t probesize;
#endif
    uint8_t *dump_separator;
    enum AVCodecID data_codec_id;
    int (*open_cb)(struct AVFormatContext *s, AVIOContext **p, const char *url, int flags, const AVIOInterruptCB *int_cb, AVDictionary **options);
} AVFormatContext;

结构体AVFrame
该结构体在Frame.h中,AVFrame结构体一般用于存储原始数据(即非压缩数据,例如对视频来说是YUV,RGB,对音频来说是PCM),此外还包含了一些相关的信息。比如说,解码的时候存储了宏块类型表,QP表,运动矢量表等数据。编码的时候也存储了相关的数据。因此在使用FFMPEG进行码流分析的时候,AVFrame是一个很重要的结构体。由av_frame_alloc()或av_image_fill_arrays()初始化,由av_frame_free()销毁。如下:比较重要的成员已做注释

typedef struct AVFrame {
#define AV_NUM_DATA_POINTERS 8
    uint8_t *data[AV_NUM_DATA_POINTERS]; //解码后原始数据(对视频来说是YUV,RGB,对音频来说是PCM)
    int linesize[AV_NUM_DATA_POINTERS];  //data中“一行”数据的大小。注意:未必等于图像的宽,一般大于图像的宽。
    uint8_t **extended_data; //视频帧宽和高(1920x1080,1280x720...)
    int width, height;
    int nb_samples;  //音频的一个AVFrame中可能包含多个音频帧,在此标记包含了几个
    int format;  //解码后原始数据类型(YUV420,YUV422,RGB24...)
    int key_frame;  //是否是关键帧
    enum AVPictureType pict_type;  //帧类型(I,B,P...)
#if FF_API_AVFRAME_LAVC
    attribute_deprecated
    uint8_t *base[AV_NUM_DATA_POINTERS];
#endif
    AVRational sample_aspect_ratio;  //宽高比(16:9,4:3...)
    int64_t pts;  //显示时间戳
    int64_t pkt_pts;
    int64_t pkt_dts;
    int coded_picture_number;  //编码帧序号
    int display_picture_number; //显示帧序号
    int quality;
#if FF_API_AVFRAME_LAVC
    attribute_deprecated
    int reference;
    attribute_deprecated
    int8_t *qscale_table;  //QP表
    attribute_deprecated
    int qstride;
    attribute_deprecated
    int qscale_type;
    attribute_deprecated
    uint8_t *mbskip_table;  //跳过宏块表
    int16_t (*motion_val[2])[2];  //运动矢量表
    attribute_deprecated
    uint32_t *mb_type;  //宏块类型表
    attribute_deprecated
    short *dct_coeff;  //DCT系数
    attribute_deprecated
    int8_t *ref_index[2];  //运动估计参考帧列表(貌似H.264这种比较新的标准才会涉及到多参考帧)
#endif
    void *opaque;
    uint64_t error[AV_NUM_DATA_POINTERS];
#if FF_API_AVFRAME_LAVC
    attribute_deprecated
    int type;
#endif
    int repeat_pict;
    int interlaced_frame;  //是否是隔行扫描
    int top_field_first;
    int palette_has_changed;
#if FF_API_AVFRAME_LAVC
    attribute_deprecated
    int buffer_hints;
    attribute_deprecated
    struct AVPanScan *pan_scan;
#endif
    int64_t reordered_opaque;
#if FF_API_AVFRAME_LAVC
    attribute_deprecated void *hwaccel_picture_private;
    attribute_deprecated
    struct AVCodecContext *owner;
    attribute_deprecated
    void *thread_opaque;
    uint8_t motion_subsample_log2;  //一个宏块中的运动矢量采样个数,取log的
#endif
    int sample_rate;
    uint64_t channel_layout;
    AVBufferRef *buf[AV_NUM_DATA_POINTERS];
    AVBufferRef **extended_buf;
    int        nb_extended_buf;
    AVFrameSideData **side_data;
    int            nb_side_data;
#define AV_FRAME_FLAG_CORRUPT       (1 << 0)
    int flags;
    enum AVColorRange color_range;
    enum AVColorPrimaries color_primaries;
    enum AVColorTransferCharacteristic color_trc;
    enum AVColorSpace colorspace;
    enum AVChromaLocation chroma_location;
    int64_t best_effort_timestamp;
    int64_t pkt_pos;
    int64_t pkt_duration;
    AVDictionary *metadata;
    int decode_error_flags;
#define FF_DECODE_ERROR_INVALID_BITSTREAM   1
#define FF_DECODE_ERROR_MISSING_REFERENCE   2
    int channels;
    int pkt_size;
    AVBufferRef *qp_table_buf;
} AVFrame;
  1. data[]
    对于packed格式的数据(例如RGB24),会存到data[0]里面。
    对于planar格式的数据(例如YUV420P),则会分开成data[0],data[1],data[2]…(YUV420P中data[0]存Y,data[1]存U,data[2]存V)

  2. qscale_table
    QP表指向一块内存,里面存储的是每个宏块的QP值。宏块的标号是从左往右,一行一行的来的。每个宏块对应1个QP。
    qscale_table[0]就是第1行第1列宏块的QP值;qscale_table[1]就是第1行第2列宏块的QP值;qscale_table[2]就是第1行第3列宏块的QP值。以此类推…
    宏块的个数用下式计算:
    注:宏块大小是16x16的。
    每行宏块数:

int mb_stride = pCodecCtx->width/16+1  

宏块的总数:

int mb_sum = ((pCodecCtx->height+15)>>4)*(pCodecCtx->width/16+1)  

其他一些重要成员的理解,见http://blog.csdn.net/leixiaohua1020/article/details/14214577


结构体AVCodecContext
该结构体在avcodec.h中,其成员及其多,AVCodecContext中很多的参数是编码的时候使用的,而不是解码的时候使用的。由avcodec_alloc_context3()初始化,对其中比较重要的已做注释:

typedef struct AVCodecContext {
    const AVClass *av_class;
    int log_level_offset;
    enum AVMediaType codec_type; //编解码器的类型(视频,音频...)
    const struct AVCodec  *codec;  //采用的解码器AVCodec(H.264,MPEG2...)
#if FF_API_CODEC_NAME
    attribute_deprecated
    char             codec_name[32];
#endif
    enum AVCodecID     codec_id; /* see AV_CODEC_ID_xxx */
    unsigned int codec_tag;
#if FF_API_STREAM_CODEC_TAG
    attribute_deprecated
    unsigned int stream_codec_tag;
#endif
    void *priv_data;
    struct AVCodecInternal *internal;
    void *opaque;
    int bit_rate;  //平均比特率
    int bit_rate_tolerance;
    int global_quality;
    int compression_level;
    int flags;
    int flags2;
    uint8_t *extradata; //针对特定编码器包含的附加信息(例如对于H.264解码器来说,存储SPS,PPS等)
    int extradata_size; //
    AVRational time_base;  //根据该参数,可以把PTS转化为实际的时间(单位为秒s)
    int ticks_per_frame;
    int delay;
    int width, height;  //如果是视频的话,代表宽和高
    int coded_width, coded_height;
    int gop_size;  
    enum AVPixelFormat pix_fmt;
#if FF_API_MOTION_EST
    attribute_deprecated int me_method;
#endif
    void (*draw_horiz_band)(struct AVCodecContext *s,
                            const AVFrame *src, int offset[AV_NUM_DATA_POINTERS],
                            int y, int type, int height); 
    enum AVPixelFormat (*get_format)(struct AVCodecContext *s, const enum AVPixelFormat * fmt);
    int max_b_frames;
    float b_quant_factor;
#if FF_API_RC_STRATEGY
    attribute_deprecated int rc_strategy;
#define FF_RC_STRATEGY_XVID 1
#endif
    int b_frame_strategy; 
    float b_quant_offset; 
    int has_b_frames;
    int mpeg_quant; 
    float i_quant_factor;
    float i_quant_offset;
    float lumi_masking;
    float temporal_cplx_masking;
    float spatial_cplx_masking;
    float p_masking;
    float dark_masking;
    int slice_count;
    int prediction_method;
    int *slice_offset;
    AVRational sample_aspect_ratio;
    int me_cmp;
    int me_sub_cmp;
    int mb_cmp;
    int ildct_cmp;
    int dia_size;
    int last_predictor_count;
    int pre_me;
    int me_pre_cmp;
    int pre_dia_size;
    int me_subpel_quality;
#if FF_API_AFD
    attribute_deprecated int dtg_active_format;
    int me_range;
#if FF_API_QUANT_BIAS
    attribute_deprecated int intra_quant_bias;
    attribute_deprecated int inter_quant_bias;
#endif
    int slice_flags;
#if FF_API_XVMC
   attribute_deprecated int xvmc_acceleration;
#endif /* FF_API_XVMC */
    int mb_decision;
    uint16_t *intra_matrix;
    uint16_t *inter_matrix;
    int scenechange_threshold;
    int noise_reduction;
#if FF_API_MPV_OPT
    attribute_deprecated
    int me_threshold;
    attribute_deprecated
    int mb_threshold;
#endif
    int intra_dc_precision;
    int skip_top;
    int skip_bottom;
#if FF_API_MPV_OPT
    attribute_deprecated
    float border_masking;
#endif
    int mb_lmin;
    int mb_lmax;
    int me_penalty_compensation;
    int bidir_refine;
    int brd_scale;
    int keyint_min;
    int refs;   //运动估计参考帧的个数(H.264的话会有多帧,MPEG2这类的一般就没有了)
    int chromaoffset;
#if FF_API_UNUSED_MEMBERS
    attribute_deprecated int scenechange_factor;
#endif
    int mv0_threshold;
    int b_sensitivity;
    enum AVColorPrimaries color_primaries;
    enum AVColorTransferCharacteristic color_trc;
    enum AVColorSpace colorspace;
    enum AVColorRange color_range; 
    enum AVChromaLocation chroma_sample_location;
    int slices;
    enum AVFieldOrder field_order;
    int sample_rate; //采样率(音频)
    int channels;    //声道数(音频)
    enum AVSampleFormat sample_fmt;  //采样格式
    int frame_size;
    int frame_number;
    int block_align;
    int cutoff;
#if FF_API_REQUEST_CHANNELS
    attribute_deprecated int request_channels;
#endif
    uint64_t channel_layout;
    uint64_t request_channel_layout;
    enum AVAudioServiceType audio_service_type;
    enum AVSampleFormat request_sample_fmt;
#if FF_API_GET_BUFFER
    attribute_deprecated
    int (*get_buffer)(struct AVCodecContext *c, AVFrame *pic);
    attribute_deprecated
    void (*release_buffer)(struct AVCodecContext *c, AVFrame *pic);
    attribute_deprecated
    int (*reget_buffer)(struct AVCodecContext *c, AVFrame *pic);
#endif
    int (*get_buffer2)(struct AVCodecContext *s, AVFrame *frame, int flags);
    int refcounted_frames;
    float qcompress;  ///< amount of qscale change between easy & hard scenes (0.0-1.0)
    float qblur;      ///< amount of qscale smoothing over time (0.0-1.0)
    int qmin;
    int qmax;
    int max_qdiff;
#if FF_API_MPV_OPT
    attribute_deprecated
    float rc_qsquish;
    attribute_deprecated
    float rc_qmod_amp;
    attribute_deprecated
    int rc_qmod_freq;
#endif
    int rc_buffer_size;
    int rc_override_count;
    RcOverride *rc_override;
#if FF_API_MPV_OPT
    attribute_deprecated
    const char *rc_eq;
#endif
    int rc_max_rate;
    int rc_min_rate;
#if FF_API_MPV_OPT
    attribute_deprecated
    float rc_buffer_aggressivity;
    attribute_deprecated
    float rc_initial_cplx;
#endif
    float rc_max_available_vbv_use;
    float rc_min_vbv_overflow_use;
    int rc_initial_buffer_occupancy;
    int coder_type;
    int context_model;
#if FF_API_MPV_OPT
    attribute_deprecated
    int lmin;
    attribute_deprecated
    int lmax;
#endif
    int frame_skip_threshold;
    int frame_skip_factor;
    int frame_skip_exp;
    int frame_skip_cmp;
    int trellis;
    int min_prediction_order;
    int max_prediction_order;
    int64_t timecode_frame_start;
    void (*rtp_callback)(struct AVCodecContext *avctx, void *data, int size, int mb_nb);
    int rtp_payload_size; 
    int mv_bits;
    int header_bits;
    int i_tex_bits;
    int p_tex_bits;
    int i_count;
    int p_count;
    int skip_count;
    int misc_bits;
    int frame_bits;
    char *stats_out;
    char *stats_in;
    int workaround_bugs;
    int strict_std_compliance;
    int error_concealment;
    int debug;
#if FF_API_DEBUG_MV
    int debug_mv;
#endif
    int err_recognition;
    int64_t reordered_opaque;
    struct AVHWAccel *hwaccel;
    void *hwaccel_context;
    uint64_t error[AV_NUM_DATA_POINTERS];
    int dct_algo;
    int idct_algo;
    int bits_per_coded_sample;
    int bits_per_raw_sample;
#if FF_API_LOWRES
     int lowres;
#endif
#if FF_API_CODED_FRAME
    attribute_deprecated AVFrame *coded_frame;
#endif
    int thread_count;
    int thread_type;
    int active_thread_type;
    int thread_safe_callbacks;
    int (*execute)(struct AVCodecContext *c, int (*func)(struct AVCodecContext *c2, void *arg), void *arg2, int *ret, int count, int size);
    int (*execute2)(struct AVCodecContext *c, int (*func)(struct AVCodecContext *c2, void *arg, int jobnr, int threadnr), void *arg2, int *ret, int count);
#if FF_API_THREAD_OPAQUE
    attribute_deprecated
    void *thread_opaque;
#endif
     int nsse_weight;
     int profile;  //型(H.264里面就有,其他编码标准应该也有)
     int level;  //级(和profile差不太多)
    enum AVDiscard skip_loop_filter;
    enum AVDiscard skip_idct;
    enum AVDiscard skip_frame;
    uint8_t *subtitle_header;
    int subtitle_header_size;
#if FF_API_ERROR_RATE
    attribute_deprecated
    int error_rate;
#endif
#if FF_API_CODEC_PKT
    attribute_deprecated
    AVPacket *pkt;
#endif
    uint64_t vbv_delay;
    int side_data_only_packets;
    int initial_padding;
    AVRational framerate;
    enum AVPixelFormat sw_pix_fmt;
    AVRational pkt_timebase;
    const AVCodecDescriptor *codec_descriptor;
#if !FF_API_LOWRES
     int lowres;
#endif
    int64_t pts_correction_num_faulty_pts; /// Number of incorrect PTS values so far
    int64_t pts_correction_num_faulty_dts; /// Number of incorrect DTS values so far
    int64_t pts_correction_last_pts;       /// PTS of the last frame
    int64_t pts_correction_last_dts;       /// DTS of the last frame
    char *sub_charenc;
    int sub_charenc_mode;
    int skip_alpha;
    int seek_preroll;
#if !FF_API_DEBUG_MV
    int debug_mv;
#endif
    uint16_t *chroma_intra_matrix;
    uint8_t *dump_separator;
    char *codec_whitelist;
    unsigned properties;
} AVCodecContext;

结构体AVIOContext
该结构体位于avio.h文件中,AVIOContext是FFMPEG管理输入输出数据的结构体,用于输入输出(读写文件,RTMP协议等)。该结构体由avio_alloc_context()初始化,一些成员已经做注释

typedef struct AVIOContext {
    const AVClass *av_class;
    unsigned char *buffer;  //缓存开始位置
    int buffer_size;       //缓存大小(默认32768)
    unsigned char *buf_ptr; //当前指针读取到的位置
    unsigned char *buf_end; //缓存结束的位置
    void *opaque;         //URLContext结构体
    int (*read_packet)(void *opaque, uint8_t *buf, int buf_size);
    int (*write_packet)(void *opaque, uint8_t *buf, int buf_size);
    int64_t (*seek)(void *opaque, int64_t offset, int whence);
    int64_t pos;            /**< position in the file of the current buffer */
    int must_flush;         /**< true if the next seek should flush */
    int eof_reached;        /**< true if eof reached */
    int write_flag;         /**< true if open for writing */
    int max_packet_size;
    unsigned long checksum;
    unsigned char *checksum_ptr;
    unsigned long (*update_checksum)(unsigned long checksum, const uint8_t *buf, unsigned int size);
    int error;             
    int (*read_pause)(void *opaque, int pause);
    int64_t (*read_seek)(void *opaque, int stream_index,
                         int64_t timestamp, int flags);  
    int seekable;
    int64_t maxsize;
    int direct;
    int64_t bytes_read;
    int seek_count;
    int writeout_count;
    int orig_buffer_size;
    int short_seek_threshold;
} AVIOContext;

重要成员的理解,见http://blog.csdn.net/leixiaohua1020/article/details/14215369


结构体AVCodec
结构体位于avcodec.h中,

typedef struct AVCodec {
    const char *name;  //编解码器的名字,比较短
    const char *long_name;  //编解码器的名字,全称,比较长
    enum AVMediaType type;  //指明了类型,是视频,音频,还是字幕
    enum AVCodecID id;  //ID,不重复
    int capabilities;
    const AVRational *supported_framerates; //支持的帧率(仅视频)
    const enum AVPixelFormat *pix_fmts;     //支持的像素格式(仅视频)
    const int *supported_samplerates;       //支持的采样率(仅音频)
    const enum AVSampleFormat *sample_fmts; //支持的采样格式(仅音频)
    const uint64_t *channel_layouts;         //支持的声道数(仅音频)
    uint8_t max_lowres;                     ///< maximum value for lowres supported by the decoder, no direct access, use av_codec_get_max_lowres()
    const AVClass *priv_class;              ///< AVClass for the private context
    const AVProfile *profiles;              ///< array of recognized profiles, or NULL if unknown, array is terminated by {FF_PROFILE_UNKNOWN}
    int priv_data_size;     //私有数据的大小
    struct AVCodec *next;
    int (*init_thread_copy)(AVCodecContext *);
    int (*update_thread_context)(AVCodecContext *dst, const AVCodecContext *src);
    const AVCodecDefault *defaults;
    void (*init_static_data)(struct AVCodec *codec);
    int (*init)(AVCodecContext *);
    int (*encode_sub)(AVCodecContext *, uint8_t *buf, int buf_size,
                      const struct AVSubtitle *sub);
    int (*encode2)(AVCodecContext *avctx, AVPacket *avpkt, const AVFrame *frame,
                   int *got_packet_ptr);
    int (*decode)(AVCodecContext *, void *outdata, int *outdata_size, AVPacket *avpkt);
    int (*close)(AVCodecContext *);
    void (*flush)(AVCodecContext *);
    int caps_internal;
} AVCodec;

每一个编解码器对应一个AVCodec结构体,如H.264解码器的结构体定义:AVCodec ff_h264_decoder。


结构体AVStream
该结构体在avformat.h文件中,AVStream是存储每一个视频/音频流信息的结构体。由avformat_new_stream()初始化,

typedef struct AVStream {
    int index;    //标识该视频/音频流
    int id;
    AVCodecContext *codec;  //指向该视频/音频流的AVCodecContext(它们是一一对应的关系)
    void *priv_data;
#if FF_API_LAVF_FRAC
    attribute_deprecated
    struct AVFrac pts;
#endif
    AVRational time_base;  //时基。通过该值可以把PTS,DTS转化为真正的时间。FFMPEG其他结构体中也有这个字段,但是根据我的经验,只有AVStream中的time_base是可用的。PTS*time_base=真正的时间
    int64_t start_time;
    int64_t duration;   //该视频/音频流长度
    int64_t nb_frames;                 ///< number of frames in this stream if known or 0
    int disposition; /**< AV_DISPOSITION_* bit field */
    enum AVDiscard discard; ///< Selects which packets can be discarded at will and do not need to be demuxed.  
    AVRational sample_aspect_ratio;
    AVDictionary *metadata;  //元数据信息
    AVRational avg_frame_rate;  //帧率(注:对视频来说,这个挺重要的)
    AVPacket attached_pic;  //附带的图片。比如说一些MP3,AAC音频文件附带的专辑封面。
    AVPacketSideData *side_data; 
    int            nb_side_data;
    int event_flags;
    struct {
        int64_t last_dts;
        int64_t duration_gcd;
        int duration_count;
        int64_t rfps_duration_sum;
        double (*duration_error)[2][MAX_STD_TIMEBASES];
        int64_t codec_info_duration;
        int64_t codec_info_duration_fields;
        int found_decoder;
        int64_t last_duration;
        int64_t fps_first_dts;
        int     fps_first_dts_idx;
        int64_t fps_last_dts;
        int     fps_last_dts_idx;
    } *info;
    int pts_wrap_bits; /**< number of bits in pts (used for wrapping control) */
    int64_t first_dts;
    int64_t cur_dts;
    int64_t last_IP_pts;
    int last_IP_duration;
    int probe_packets;
    int codec_info_nb_frames;
    enum AVStreamParseType need_parsing;
    struct AVCodecParserContext *parser;
    struct AVPacketList *last_in_packet_buffer;
    AVProbeData probe_data;
    int64_t pts_buffer[MAX_REORDER_DELAY+1];
    AVIndexEntry *index_entries; 
    int nb_index_entries;
    unsigned int index_entries_allocated_size; 
    AVRational r_frame_rate;
    int stream_identifier;
    int64_t interleaver_chunk_size;
    int64_t interleaver_chunk_duration; 
    int request_probe;   
    int skip_to_keyframe;
    int skip_samples;
    int64_t start_skip_samples;
    int64_t first_discard_sample;
    int64_t last_discard_sample;
    int nb_decoded_frames;
    int64_t mux_ts_offset;
    int64_t pts_wrap_reference;
    int pts_wrap_behavior;
    int update_initial_durations_done;
    int64_t pts_reorder_error[MAX_REORDER_DELAY+1];
    uint8_t pts_reorder_error_count[MAX_REORDER_DELAY+1];
    int64_t last_dts_for_order_check;
    uint8_t dts_ordered;
    uint8_t dts_misordered;
    int inject_global_side_data;
    char *recommended_encoder_configuration;
    AVRational display_aspect_ratio;
    struct FFFrac *priv_pts;
} AVStream;

结构体AVPacket
该结构体在avcodec.h文件中,AVPacket存储压缩数据(视频对应H.264等码流数据,音频对应AAC/MP3等码流数据),由av_init_packet()或av_new_packet()初始化,av_free_packet()销毁。
av_init_packet()和av_new_packet()都不负责申请AVPacket结构体空间,而是申请一块给AVpacket的成员data指针指向的空间,该空间用于存储数据。而av_free_packet()也只是释放AVPacket的data成员指向的空间
对其中重要的成员做注释:

typedef struct AVPacket {
    AVBufferRef *buf;
    int64_t pts;  //显示时间戳
    int64_t dts;  //解码时间戳
    uint8_t *data;  //压缩编码的数据。
//例如对于H.264来说。1个AVPacket的data通常对应一个NAL。
//注意:在这里只是对应,而不是一模一样。他们之间有微小的差别:使用FFMPEG类库分离出多媒体文件中的H.264码流
//因此在使用FFMPEG进行视音频处理的时候,常常可以将得到的AVPacket的data数据直接写成文件,从而得到视音频的码流文件。
    int   size;  //data的大小
    int   stream_index;  //标识该AVPacket所属的视频/音频流。
    int   flags;
    AVPacketSideData *side_data;
    int side_data_elems;
    int   duration;
#if FF_API_DESTRUCT_PACKET
    attribute_deprecated
    void  (*destruct)(struct AVPacket *);
    attribute_deprecated
    void  *priv;
#endif
    int64_t pos;                            ///< byte position in stream, -1 if unknown
    int64_t convergence_duration;
} AVPacket;
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