【scrapy ip代理池】如何解决ip被限制的问题

1、首先写一个脚本proxies.py 自动获取代理ip

# *-* coding:utf-8 *-*
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import lxml
from multiprocessing import Process, Queue
import random
import json
import time
import requests

class Proxies(object):


    """docstring for Proxies"""
    def __init__(self, page=3):
        self.proxies = []
        self.verify_pro = []
        self.page = page
        self.headers = {
        'Accept': '*/*',
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/45.0.2454.101 Safari/537.36',
        'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, sdch',
        'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.8'
        }
        self.get_proxies()
        self.get_proxies_nn()

    def get_proxies(self):
        page = random.randint(1,10)
        page_stop = page + self.page
        while page < page_stop:
            url = 'http://www.xicidaili.com/nt/%d' % page
            html = requests.get(url, headers=self.headers).content
            soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
            ip_list = soup.find(id='ip_list')
            for odd in ip_list.find_all(class_='odd'):
                protocol = odd.find_all('td')[5].get_text().lower()+'://'
                self.proxies.append(protocol + ':'.join([x.get_text() for x in odd.find_all('td')[1:3]]))
            page += 1

    def get_proxies_nn(self):
        page = random.randint(1,10)
        page_stop = page + self.page
        while page < page_stop:
            url = 'http://www.xicidaili.com/nn/%d' % page
            html = requests.get(url, headers=self.headers).content
            soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
            ip_list = soup.find(id='ip_list')
            for odd in ip_list.find_all(class_='odd'):
                protocol = odd.find_all('td')[5].get_text().lower() + '://'
                self.proxies.append(protocol + ':'.join([x.get_text() for x in odd.find_all('td')[1:3]]))
            page += 1

    def verify_proxies(self):
        # 没验证的代理
        old_queue = Queue()
        # 验证后的代理
        new_queue = Queue()
        print ('verify proxy........')
        works = []
        for _ in range(15):
            works.append(Process(target=self.verify_one_proxy, args=(old_queue,new_queue)))
        for work in works:
            work.start()
        for proxy in self.proxies:
            old_queue.put(proxy)
        for work in works:
            old_queue.put(0)
        for work in works:
            work.join()
        self.proxies = []
        while 1:
            try:
                self.proxies.append(new_queue.get(timeout=1))
            except:
                break
        print ('verify_proxies done!')


    def verify_one_proxy(self, old_queue, new_queue):
        while 1:
            proxy = old_queue.get()
            if proxy == 0:break
            protocol = 'https' if 'https' in proxy else 'http'
            proxies = {protocol: proxy}
            try:
                if requests.get('http://www.baidu.com', proxies=proxies, timeout=2).status_code == 200:
                    print ('success %s' % proxy)
                    new_queue.put(proxy)
            except:
                print ('fail %s' % proxy)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    a = Proxies()
    a.verify_proxies()
    print (a.proxies)
    proxie = a.proxies
    with open('proxies.txt', 'a') as f:
       for proxy in proxie:
             f.write(proxy+'\n')

2、接下来修改代理文件middlewares.py的内容为如下:

import random  
import scrapy  
from scrapy import log  


# logger = logging.getLogger()  

class ProxyMiddleWare(object):  
    """docstring for ProxyMiddleWare"""  
    def process_request(self,request, spider):  
        '''对request对象加上proxy'''  
        proxy = self.get_random_proxy()  
        print("this is request ip:"+proxy)  
        request.meta['proxy'] = proxy   


    def process_response(self, request, response, spider):  
        '''对返回的response处理'''  
        # 如果返回的response状态不是200，重新生成当前request对象  
        if response.status != 200:  
            proxy = self.get_random_proxy()  
            print("this is response ip:"+proxy)  
            # 对当前reque加上代理  
            request.meta['proxy'] = proxy   
            return request  
        return response  

    def get_random_proxy(self):  
        '''随机从文件中读取proxy'''  
        while 1:  
            with open('G:\\Scrapy_work\\myproxies\\myproxies\\proxies.txt', 'r') as f:  
                proxies = f.readlines()  
            if proxies:  
                break  
            else:  
                time.sleep(1)  
        proxy = random.choice(proxies).strip()  
        return proxy  

3、修改下settings文件

DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {  
   'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.httpproxy.HttpProxyMiddleware':None,  
     'youx.middlewares.ProxyMiddleWare':125,  
     'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.defaultheaders.DefaultHeadersMiddleware':None  
}



或者

DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = { 'haodf.middlewares.ProxyMiddleWare':400 }

想要ip应用起来，还要在配置文件 settings 中添加 DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = { 'demo.proxy.proxMiddleware':400 } 这里的demo是工程的名字，proxy是py文件的名,proxMiddleware是类的名字