Linux System Programming note 4 —— Advanced File I/O

最新推荐文章于 2023-07-28 00:41:58 发布

ucan23

最新推荐文章于 2023-07-28 00:41:58 发布

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1. Scatter/Gather I/O(vectored I/O)

#include <sys/uio.h>

ssize_t readv (int fd,

const struct iovec *iov,

int count);

ssize_t writev (int fd,

const struct iovec *iov,

int count);

struct iovec {

void *iov_base;

size_t iov_len;

};

example:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/uio.h>

int main()
{
     struct iovec iov[3];
     ssize_t nr;
     int fd, i;

     char *buf[] = {
          "The term buccaneer comes from the world boucan.\n",
          "A boucan is a wooden frame used for cooking meat.\n",
          "Buccaneer is the West Indies name for a pirate.\n"
     };

     fd = open("buccaner.txt", O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC);
     if (fd == -1){
          perror("open");
          return 1;
     }

     for (i = 0; i < 3; i++){
          iov[i].iov_base = buf[i];
          iov[i].iov_len = strlen(buf[i]) + 1;
     }

     nr = writev(fd, iov, 3);
     if (nr == -1){
          perror("writev");
          return 1;
     }

     printf("wrote %d bytes\n", nr);

     if (close(fd)){
          perror("close");
          return 1;
     }

     return 0;
}

2. Creating a New Epoll Instance

#include <sys/epoll.h>

int epoll_create1(int flags); // Only EPOLL_CLOEXEC is a valid flag.

errno:

EINVAL: Invalid flags parameter

EMFILE: The user has reached limit on the total number of open files.

ENFILE: The system has reached its limit on the total number of open files.

ENOMEM: Insufficient memory was available to complete the operation.

3. Controlling Epoll

#include <sys/epoll.h>

int epoll_ctl(int epfd,

int op,

int fd,

struct epoll_event *event);

op: EPOLL_CTL_ADD, EPOLL_CTL_DEL, EPOLL_CTL_MOD

struct epoll_event{

_u32 events;

union {

void *ptr;

int fd;

__u32 u32;

__u64 u64;

} data;

};

events:

EPOLLERR, EPOLLET, EPOLLHUP, EPOLLIN, EPOLLONESHOT, EPOLLOUT, EPOLLPRI

4. Waiting for Events with Epoll

#include <sys/epoll.h>

int epoll_wait(int epfd,

struct epoll_event *events,

int maxevents,

int timeout);

5. mmap()

#include <sys/mman.h>

void *mmap (void *addr,

size_t len,

int prot,

int flags,

int fd,

off_t offset);

prot: PROT_READ, PROT_WRITE, PROT_EXEC

flags:MAP_FIXED, MAP_PRIVATE, MAP_SHARED

6. The page size

#include <unistd.h>

long sysconf(int name); // best bet for portability and future compatility

long page_size = sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE);

#include <unistd.h>

int getpagesize(void); // was dropped from the 1003.1-2001 revision of the POSIX standard.

#include <sys/usr.h>

int page_size = PAGE_SIZE;

SIGBUS

This signal is generated when a process attempts to access a region of a mapping that is no longer valid--for example, because the file was truncated after it was mmaped.

SIGSEGV

This signal is generated when a process attempts to write to a region that is mapped read-only.

7. munmap()

#include <sys/mman.h>

int munmap (void *addr, size_t len);

Example: (of map)

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
     struct stat sb;
     off_t len;
     char *p;
     int fd;

     if (argc < 2) {
          fprintf(stderr, "usage: %s <file>\n", argv[0]);
          return 1;
     }

     fd = open(argv[1], O_RDONLY);
     if (fd == -1){
          perror("open");
          return 1;
     }

     if (fstat(fd, &sb) == -1){
          perror("fstat");
          return 1;
     }

     if (!S_ISREG (sb.st_mode)){
          fprintf(stderr, "%s is not a file\n", argv[1]);
          return 1;
     }

     p = mmap(0, sb.st_size, PROT_READ, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0);
     if (p == MAP_FAILED){
          perror ("mmap");
          return 1;
     }

     if (close(fd) == -1){
          perror("close");
          return 1;
     }

     for (len = 0; len < sb.st_size; len++){
          putchar (p[len]);
     }

     if (munmap (p, sb.st_size) == -1){
          perror("munmap");
          return 1;
     }

     return 0;
}

8. Resizing a Mapping

#define _GNU_SOURCE

#include <sys/mman.h>

void * mremap(void *addr, size_t old_size, size_t new_size, unsigned long flags);

flags: 0 or MREMAP_MAYMOVE

9. Changing the protection of a Mapping

#include <sys/mman.h>

int mprotect (const void *addr, size_t len, int prot);

10. Synchronizing File with a Mapping

#include <sys/mman.h>

int msync (void *addr, size_t len, int flags);

flags: