C中的复合语句总结

C中表达式和复合语句的如下：

({exp1; exp2; exp3;})

其值等于exp3的值。如果exp3不能求值，得到的结果就是void。
如下：

 ( {int a = 2+1; int b = 0; b;} ) // 0
( {int a = 2+1; int b = 0; int c = 0;} ) // void 

int a = ({ int b = 8;  
        int c = 99;  
        b + c;  
        b + c - 10;  
        });  

    printf("a = %d\n", a);  

输入a的值为97；

这类复合语句（Statements and Declarations in Expressions）在linux kernel中的经常使用到使用，且用于宏定义。
简单例子如下：

/* linux-2.6.38.8/include/linux/kernel.h */  
#define min(x, y) ({            \  
    typeof(x) _min1 = (x);      \  
    typeof(y) _min2 = (y);      \  
    (void) (&_min1 == &_min2);  \  
    _min1 < _min2 ? _min1 : _min2; })  

/* linux-2.6.38.8/include/linux/kernel.h * 
 * min_not_zero - return the minimum that is _not_ zero, unless both are zero 
 * @x: value1 
 * @y: value2 
 */  
#define min_not_zero(x, y) ({       \  
    typeof(x) __x = (x);        \  
    typeof(y) __y = (y);        \  
    __x == 0 ? __y : ((__y == 0) ? __x : min(__x, __y)); })   

复杂的例子如：

/**
 * hlist_bl_for_each_entry_rcu - iterate over rcu list of given type
 * @tpos:   the type * to use as a loop cursor.
 * @pos:    the &struct hlist_bl_node to use as a loop cursor.
 * @head:   the head for your list.
 * @member: the name of the hlist_bl_node within the struct.
 *
 */
#define hlist_bl_for_each_entry_rcu(tpos, pos, head, member)        \
    for (pos = hlist_bl_first_rcu(head);                \
        pos &&                          \
        ({ tpos = hlist_bl_entry(pos, typeof(*tpos), member); 1; }); \
        pos = rcu_dereference_raw(pos->next))

#endif

这是hlist_bl_for_each_entry_rcu的定义。我们在对比一下list_for_each_entry_rcu的定义：

/**
* list_for_each_entry_rcu - iterate over rcu list of given type
* @pos: the type * to use as a loop counter.
* @head: the head for your list.
* @member: the name of the list_struct within the struct.
*
* This list-traversal primitive may safely run concurrently with
* the _rcu list-mutation primitives such as list_add_rcu()
* as long as the traversal is guarded by rcu_read_lock().
*/
#define list_for_each_entry_rcu(pos, head, member) \
for (pos = list_entry((head)->next, typeof(*pos), member); \
   prefetch(rcu_dereference(pos)->member.next), \
    &pos->member != (head); \
   pos = list_entry(pos->member.next, typeof(*pos), member))

pos && 是短路求值，可以检查是否为空 NULL，此时返回 1，可以防止提前结束。