java中equals与==的区别
首先看一下,jvm是如何分配内存的,jvm主要包含:堆区、栈区和方法区。
堆区:是共享的,主要存放的是引用对象本身和class信息(class操作指令),不存放基本类型和引用。
栈区:每个线程中都包含一个栈区,栈区与栈区之间不能共享,是私有的。
栈区存放基本类型的变量和引用地址。
栈区主要包含有:基本类型变量区、执行环境上下文和操作指令。
方法区:全局唯一的,存放所有的class和static变量,共享的。
基础类型的变量比较简单,这里不多说,直接说引用对象。上代码:
引用对象:
StudentPO
public class StudentPO { private String name ; private int age; private String gender; public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getGender() { return gender; } public void setGender(String gender) { this.gender = gender; } public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; } }测试方法:public static void main(String[] args) { StudentPO stu = new StudentPO(); stu.setName("aa"); StudentPO stu1 = new StudentPO(); stu1.setName("aa"); System.out.println(stu==stu1);//false System.out.println(stu.equals(stu1));//false}/** * Indicates whether some other object is "equal to" this one. * <p> * The {@code equals} method implements an equivalence relation * on non-null object references: * <ul> * <li>It is <i>reflexive</i>: for any non-null reference value * {@code x}, {@code x.equals(x)} should return * {@code true}. * <li>It is <i>symmetric</i>: for any non-null reference values * {@code x} and {@code y}, {@code x.equals(y)} * should return {@code true} if and only if * {@code y.equals(x)} returns {@code true}. * <li>It is <i>transitive</i>: for any non-null reference values * {@code x}, {@code y}, and {@code z}, if * {@code x.equals(y)} returns {@code true} and * {@code y.equals(z)} returns {@code true}, then * {@code x.equals(z)} should return {@code true}. * <li>It is <i>consistent</i>: for any non-null reference values * {@code x} and {@code y}, multiple invocations of * {@code x.equals(y)} consistently return {@code true} * or consistently return {@code false}, provided no * information used in {@code equals} comparisons on the * objects is modified. * <li>For any non-null reference value {@code x}, * {@code x.equals(null)} should return {@code false}. * </ul> * <p> * The {@code equals} method for class {@code Object} implements * the most discriminating possible equivalence relation on objects; * that is, for any non-null reference values {@code x} and * {@code y}, this method returns {@code true} if and only * if {@code x} and {@code y} refer to the same object * ({@code x == y} has the value {@code true}). * <p> * Note that it is generally necessary to override the {@code hashCode} * method whenever this method is overridden, so as to maintain the * general contract for the {@code hashCode} method, which states * that equal objects must have equal hash codes. * * @param obj the reference object with which to compare. * @return {@code true} if this object is the same as the obj * argument; {@code false} otherwise. * @see #hashCode() * @see java.util.HashMap */ public boolean equals(Object obj) { return (this == obj); }解析:因为所有的对象的父类都是object类型的,看了jdk的源码你就会知道,equals是和==效果一样的,直接比较的引用地址,而不是value值,因此我们在比较应用对象的时候要重写equals方法。我重写了equals方法后如下:public class StudentPO { private String name ; private int age; private String gender; public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getGender() { return gender; } public void setGender(String gender) { this.gender = gender; } public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; } //添加了重写equals方法 @Override public boolean equals(Object obj) { if (obj instanceof StudentPO) { return this.name == ((StudentPO)obj).name; } return false; } }测试结果:public static void main(String[] args) { StudentPO stu = new StudentPO(); stu.setName("aa"); StudentPO stu1 = new StudentPO(); stu1.setName("aa"); System.out.println(stu==stu1);//false System.out.println(stu.equals(stu1));//true}那么有人会问了,为什么在Integer和String中,使用equals方法是可以的呢,先看看jdk源码。Integer:/** * Compares this object to the specified object. The result is * {@code true} if and only if the argument is not * {@code null} and is an {@code Integer} object that * contains the same {@code int} value as this object. * * @param obj the object to compare with. * @return {@code true} if the objects are the same; * {@code false} otherwise. */ public boolean equals(Object obj) { if (obj instanceof Integer) {//如果类型一致,就会获取vaule值进行比较 return value == ((Integer)obj).intValue();// } return false; }String:/** * Compares this string to the specified object. The result is {@code * true} if and only if the argument is not {@code null} and is a {@code * String} object that represents the same sequence of characters as this * object. * * @param anObject * The object to compare this {@code String} against * * @return {@code true} if the given object represents a {@code String} * equivalent to this string, {@code false} otherwise * * @see #compareTo(String) * @see #equalsIgnoreCase(String) */ public boolean equals(Object anObject) { if (this == anObject) { return true; } if (anObject instanceof String) { String anotherString = (String) anObject; int n = value.length; if (n == anotherString.value.length) { char v1[] = value; char v2[] = anotherString.value; int i = 0; while (n-- != 0) { if (v1[i] != v2[i]) return false; i++; } return true; } } return false; }解析:因为Integer和String中是重写了equals方法了的。Integer源码中(a)直接判断类型相同的话,就判断value值。
String源码中(a)如果引用地址相同,地址中指向的值也肯定是相同的呀。
(b)如果引用地址不相同,判断是不是同一个类型,类型相同的话,则逐一判断每个字符,每个字符相同的话,则该对象相同。
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