- Filter概念
Filter就像一个一个哨卡,用户的请求需要经过Filter
并且可以有多个过滤器
- 编写 FirstFilter
开发一个简单的FirstFilter,用来打印用户访问ip地址和访问的页面
doFilter()方法中的req参数的类型是ServletRequest,需要转换为HttpServletRequest类型方便调用某些方法 (参考request常见方法)HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req;
获取来路用户的ip地址String ip = request.getRemoteAddr();
获取用户访问的页面地址String url = request.getRequestURL().toString();
在控制台打印出来System.out.printf("%s %s 访问了 %s%n", date, ip, url);
过滤器放行,表示继续运行下一个过滤器,或者最终访问的某个servlet,jsp,html等等chain.doFilter(request, response);
package filter; import java.io.IOException; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import java.util.Date; import javax.servlet.Filter; import javax.servlet.FilterChain; import javax.servlet.FilterConfig; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.ServletRequest; import javax.servlet.ServletResponse; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; public class FirstFilter implements Filter { @Override public void destroy() { } @Override public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException { HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req; HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) res; String ip = request.getRemoteAddr(); String url = request.getRequestURL().toString(); SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"); Date d = new Date(); String date = sdf.format(d); System.out.printf("%s %s 访问了 %s%n", date, ip, url); chain.doFilter(request, response); } @Override public void init(FilterConfig arg0) throws ServletException { } }
- 配置web.xml
在web.xml中进行filter的配置,和servlet的配置很类似
表示所有的访问都会过滤<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
如果配置成
就表示只过滤jsp<url-pattern>*.jsp</url-pattern>
<filter> <filter-name>FirstFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>filter.FirstFilter</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>FirstFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping>
- 访问页面
重启tomcat,所有用户的访问信息,都可以打印出来
- init() 方法
与Servlet需要配置自启动才会随着tomcat的启动而执行init()方法不一样。
Filter一定会随着tomcat的启动自启动。
package filter; import java.io.IOException; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import java.util.Date; import javax.servlet.Filter; import javax.servlet.FilterChain; import javax.servlet.FilterConfig; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.ServletRequest; import javax.servlet.ServletResponse; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; public class FirstFilter implements Filter { @Override public void destroy() { } @Override public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException { HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req; HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) res; String ip = request.getRemoteAddr(); String url = request.getRequestURL().toString(); SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"); Date d = new Date(); String date = sdf.format(d); System.out.printf("%s %s 访问了 %s%n", date, ip, url); chain.doFilter(request, response); } @Override public void init(FilterConfig arg0) throws ServletException { System.out.println("First Filter init()"); } }
- Filter启动失败
Filter是web应用非常重要的一个环节,如果Filter启动失败,或者本身有编译错误,不仅这个Filter不能使用,整个web应用会启动失败,导致用户无法访问页面
在启动tomcat过程中,也会看到这样的字样:
严重: Context [] startup failed due to previous errors
这常常用于提示Filter启动失败了
package filter; import java.io.IOException; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import java.util.Date; import javax.servlet.Filter; import javax.servlet.FilterChain; import javax.servlet.FilterConfig; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.ServletRequest; import javax.servlet.ServletResponse; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; public class FirstFilter implements Filter { @Override public void destroy() { } @Override public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException { HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req; HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) res; String ip = request.getRemoteAddr(); String url = request.getRequestURL().toString(); SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"); Date d = new Date(); String date = sdf.format(d); System.out.printf("%s %s 访问了 %s%n", date, ip, url); chain.doFilter(request, response); } @Override public void init(FilterConfig arg0) throws ServletException { System.out.println("故意造成一个异常"); Object o = null; o.toString(); } }
Filter过滤器-Filter基础
最新推荐文章于 2022-03-15 21:44:36 发布