机器学习实战python版Logistic回归

基于Logistic 回归和Sigmoid函数的分类

首先我们要了解Sigmoid函数是什么样的函数，再者这个Logistic回归模型和这个函数的联系。

主要内容可以参见李航的《统计学习方法》第六章有详细的讲解，我是看了里面的内容在对应着看机器学习实战中的代码学习的。

二项逻辑斯蒂回归主要还是在于确定对应特征的权重，来得到Z= W*X，从而根据模型获得输出分类的Y值。

权重的获得是通过梯度下降发来做的，梯度方向总是只想函数值上升的方向，所以我们要找到最佳的拟合系数，就是特征值的权重，我们就需要沿梯度方向不断逼近。

梯度下降法可以参见最优化学习方法。

在这里还是主要是看懂代码。。。。。

训练算法

def loadDataSet():
    dataMat = []; labelMat = []
    fr = open('testSet.txt')
    for line in fr.readlines():
        lineArr = line.strip().split()
        dataMat.append([1.0, float(lineArr[0]), float(lineArr[1])])
        labelMat.append(int(lineArr[2]))
    return dataMat,labelMat

def sigmoid(inX):
    return 1.0/(1+exp(-inX))#套函数

def gradAscent(dataMatIn, classLabels):
    dataMatrix = mat(dataMatIn)             #convert to NumPy matrix
    labelMat = mat(classLabels).transpose() #convert to NumPy matrix转置变列向量
    m,n = shape(dataMatrix)维度
    alpha = 0.001步长
    maxCycles = 500循环次数
    weights = ones((n,1))
    for k in range(maxCycles):              #heavy on matrix operations
        h = sigmoid(dataMatrix*weights)     #矩阵相乘 带入函数获得分类100*3 * 3*1
        error = (labelMat - h)              #vector subtraction误差
        weights = weights + alpha * dataMatrix.transpose()* error #matrix mult不断调整
    return weights

分析数据

def plotBestFit(weights):
    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
    dataMat,labelMat=loadDataSet()
    dataArr = array(dataMat)
    n = shape(dataArr)[0] 
    xcord1 = []; ycord1 = []
    xcord2 = []; ycord2 = []
    for i in range(n):
        if int(labelMat[i])== 1:
            xcord1.append(dataArr[i,1]); ycord1.append(dataArr[i,2])
        else:
            xcord2.append(dataArr[i,1]); ycord2.append(dataArr[i,2])
    fig = plt.figure()
    ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
    ax.scatter(xcord1, ycord1, s=30, c='red', marker='s')
    ax.scatter(xcord2, ycord2, s=30, c='green')
    x = arange(-3.0, 3.0, 0.1)
    y = (-weights[0]-weights[1]*x)/weights[2]
    ax.plot(x, y)
    plt.xlabel('X1'); plt.ylabel('X2');
    plt.show()

x2 =( - w0*1 -w1*x1)/w2;所以代码才会这样写。我们知道偏执变量对应的特征都设为了1.

def stocGradAscent0(dataMatrix, classLabels):
    m,n = shape(dataMatrix)
    alpha = 0.01
    weights = ones(n)   #initialize to all ones
    for i in range(m):
        h = sigmoid(sum(dataMatrix[i]*weights))
        error = classLabels[i] - h
        weights = weights + alpha * error * dataMatrix[i]
    return weights

def stocGradAscent1(dataMatrix, classLabels, numIter=150):
    m,n = shape(dataMatrix)
    weights = ones(n)   #initialize to all ones
    for j in range(numIter):
        dataIndex = range(m)
        for i in range(m):
            alpha = 4/(1.0+j+i)+0.0001    #apha decreases with iteration, does not 
            randIndex = int(random.uniform(0,len(dataIndex)))#go to 0 because of the constant
            h = sigmoid(sum(dataMatrix[randIndex]*weights))
            error = classLabels[randIndex] - h
            weights = weights + alpha * error * dataMatrix[randIndex]
            del(dataIndex[randIndex])
    return weights

这两个函数只是在细节上优化算法，降低运算次数，尽量提高准确度。