学点C#5 运算符重载 索引器 属性 委托

若要重载某个运算符，可以编写一个函数，在其命名运算符之后加上要重载的运算符的符号。例如，可按以下方法重载 + 运算符：

 

public static ComplexNumber operator+(ComplexNumber a, ComplexNumber b)

索引器

public class Department
{
    private string name;
    private const int MAX_EMPLOYEES = 10;
    private string[] employees = new string[MAX_EMPLOYEES];  //employee array

    public Department(string departmentName)  //constructor
    {
        name = departmentName;
    }

    public string this [int index]  //indexer
    {
        get
        {
            if (index >= 0 && index < MAX_EMPLOYEES)
            {
                return employees[index];
            }
            else
            {
                throw new System.IndexOutOfRangeException();
            }
        }
        set
        {
            if (index >= 0 && index < MAX_EMPLOYEES)
            {  
                employees[index] = value;
            }
            else
            {
                throw new System.IndexOutOfRangeException();
            }
        }
    }

    // code for the rest of the class...
}
属性（相当于Annotation）
public class Utilities : System.Web.Services.WebService
{
    [System.Web.Services.WebMethod]  // Attribute
    public string GetTime()
    {
        return System.DateTime.Now.ToShortTimeString();
    }
}
[System.Serializable()]        
public class Employee  
{
    public int ID;
    public string Name;        
    [System.NonSerialized()] public int Salary; 
}
 委托
类似地，若要为任何带字符串参数且返回 long 型结果的函数创建委托，则使用以下语法：
    
    

     
     

      
      
      
      

       
       

        
        delegate 
        
        long Del2(
        
        string s);
       
       
      
      
      
      

       
       

        
        

         
         


        
        

       
       

      
      

     
     

    
    
然后，可以将此委托分配到带有此签名的任何方法，如下所示：

    
    


     
     

      
      

      
      


       
       

        
        Del2 d;                
        
        // declare the delegate variable
       
       

      
      

      
      


       
       


        
        


         
         
d = DoWork;  // set the delegate to refer to the DoWork method

         
         
其中 DoWork 的签名为：


        
        

       
       

      
      

     
     

    
    

    
    


     
     

      
      

      
      


       
       

        
        public 
        
        static 
        
        long DoWork(
        
        string name)
       
       

       
       

        
        调用委托相当简单。只需用委托变量的名称替代方法名称。这将使用值 11 和 22 调用 
        
        Add 方法，并返回一个 long 型结果，该结果被赋给变量 
        
        sum：
       
       

       
       


        
        
Del operation;                 // declare the delegate variable
operation = Add;      // set the delegate to refer to the Add method
long sum = operation(11, 22);  // invoke the delegate


        
        

         
          
public class MathClass
{
    public static long Add(int i, int j)       // static
    {
        return (i + j);
    }

    public static long Multiply (int i, int j)  // static
    {
        return (i * j);
    }
}

class TestMathClass
{
    delegate long Del(int i, int j);  // declare the delegate type

    static void Main()
    {
        Del operation;  // declare the delegate variable

        operation = MathClass.Add;       // set the delegate to refer to the Add method
        long sum = operation(11, 22);             // use the delegate to call the Add method

        operation = MathClass.Multiply;  // change the delegate to refer to the Multiply method
        long product = operation(30, 40);         // use the delegate to call the Multiply method

        System.Console.WriteLine("11 + 22 = " + sum);
        System.Console.WriteLine("30 * 40 = " + product);
    }
}
 
          

            事件 
          
 
          
 
           
public class EventClass
{
    // Declare the delegate type:
    public delegate void CustomEventHandler(object sender, System.EventArgs e);

    // Declare the event variable using the delegate type:
    public event CustomEventHandler CustomEvent;

    public void InvokeEvent()
    {
        // Invoke the event from within the class that declared the event:
        CustomEvent(this, System.EventArgs.Empty);
    }
}

class TestEvents
{
    private static void CodeToRun(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
    {
        System.Console.WriteLine("CodeToRun is executing");
    }

    private static void MoreCodeToRun(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
    {
        System.Console.WriteLine("MoreCodeToRun is executing");
    }

    static void Main()
    {
        EventClass ec = new EventClass();

        ec.CustomEvent += new EventClass.CustomEventHandler(CodeToRun);
        ec.CustomEvent += new EventClass.CustomEventHandler(MoreCodeToRun); 

        System.Console.WriteLine("First Invocation:");
        ec.InvokeEvent();

        ec.CustomEvent -= new EventClass.CustomEventHandler(MoreCodeToRun);

        System.Console.WriteLine("/nSecond Invocation:");
        ec.InvokeEvent();
    }
}