转自：http://www.cnblogs.com/liulipeng/p/3335533.html与http://blog.csdn.net/lwj103862095/article/details/17563953
其实都是韦东山的教程。
上一节里，我们将在上一节的基础上修改驱动，将其修改为有异步通知功能的按键驱动，目标是，按下按键时，驱动主动去通知应用程序。是不是感觉驱动已经比较完善了，好像已经是完美无缺了？是不是这样呢？好像不是呢，有没有这么一种情况，多个进程想同时使用驱动的设备节点？在多线的环境下，分分钟可能会发生这种情况。
上一节文章链接：http://blog.csdn.net/lwj103862095/article/details/17538349
在这一节里，我们在上一节的基础上，实现同一时刻只能有一个进程使用同一个设备，例如：只能有一个进程，在同一时刻里使用/dev/buttons这个设备。
一、同步互斥阻塞
1. 原子操作
原子操作指的是在执行过程中不会被别的代码路径所中断的操作。
常用原子操作函数举例：
atomic_t v = ATOMIC_INIT(1); //定义原子变量v并初始化为1
atomic_read(atomic_t *v); //返回原子变量的值
void atomic_inc(atomic_t *v); //原子变量增加1
void atomic_dec(atomic_t *v); //原子变量减少1
int atomic_dec_and_test(atomic_t *v); //自减操作后测试其是否为0，为0则返回true，否则返回false。
2. 信号量
信号量（semaphore）是用于保护临界区的一种常用方法，只有得到信号量的进程才能执行临界区代码。
当获取不到信号量时，进程进入休眠等待状态。
定义信号量
struct semaphore sem;
初始化信号量
void sema_init (struct semaphore *sem, int val);
下面两个函数 在linux2.6.38以后已被移除。
//void init_MUTEX(struct semaphore *sem);
//DECLARE_MUTEX(name); //定义一个信号量name，并初始化它的值为1。
其中DECLARE_MUTEX(name);被DEFINE_SEMAPHORE替代，为避免与DEFINE_MUTEX 互斥锁相近引起开发者误解。
http://blog.csdn.net/mcgrady_tracy/article/details/34829019
http://blog.csdn.net/kangear/article/details/40990497
获得信号量
void down(struct semaphore * sem);
int down_interruptible(struct semaphore * sem); //可中断
int down_trylock(struct semaphore * sem);
释放信号量
void up(struct semaphore * sem);
3. 阻塞
阻塞操作
是指在执行设备操作时若不能获得资源则挂起进程，直到满足可操作的条件后再进行操作。
被挂起的进程进入休眠状态，被从调度器的运行队列移走，直到等待的条件被满足。
非阻塞操作
进程在不能进行设备操作时并不挂起，它或者放弃，或者不停地查询，直至可以进行操作为止。
默认阻塞，设置非阻塞：
fd = open("...", O_RDWR | O_NONBLOCK);
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
二、原子操作
1.
#include <linux/module.h> #include <linux/kernel.h> #include <linux/fs.h> #include <linux/init.h> #include <linux/delay.h> #include <linux/irq.h> #include <asm/uaccess.h> #include <asm/irq.h> #include <asm/io.h> #include <asm/arch/regs-gpio.h> #include <asm/hardware.h> #include <linux/poll.h> static struct class *fifthdrv_class; static struct class_device *fifthdrv_class_dev; volatile unsigned long *gpfcon; volatile unsigned long *gpfdat; volatile unsigned long *gpgcon; volatile unsigned long *gpgdat; /*定义并初始化等待队列头*/ static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(button_waitq); /* 中断事件标志, 中断服务程序将它置1，fifth_drv_read将它清0 */ static volatile int ev_press = 0; static struct fasync_struct *button_async; struct pin_desc{ unsigned int pin; unsigned int key_val; }; /* 键值: 按下时, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04 */ /* 键值: 松开时, 0x81, 0x82, 0x83, 0x84 */ static unsigned char key_val; struct pin_desc pins_desc[4] = { {S3C2410_GPF0, 0x01}, {S3C2410_GPF2, 0x02}, {S3C2410_GPG3, 0x03}, {S3C2410_GPG11, 0x04}, }; static atomic_t canopen = ATOMIC_INIT(1); //定义原子变量并初始化为1 /* * 确定按键值 */ static irqreturn_t buttons_irq(int irq, void *dev_id) { struct pin_desc * pindesc = (struct pin_desc *)dev_id; unsigned int pinval; pinval = s3c2410_gpio_getpin(pindesc->pin); if (pinval) { /* 松开 */ key_val = 0x80 | pindesc->key_val; } else { /* 按下 */ key_val = pindesc->key_val; } ev_press = 1; /* 表示中断发生了 */ wake_up_interruptible(&button_waitq); /* 唤醒休眠的进程 */ kill_fasync (&button_async, SIGIO, POLL_IN); return IRQ_RETVAL(IRQ_HANDLED); } static int fifth_drv_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file) { if (!atomic_dec_and_test(&canopen)) //减1后不等于0则返回false { atomic_inc(&canopen); //自加1 return -EBUSY; } /* 配置GPF0,2为输入引脚 */ /* 配置GPG3,11为输入引脚 */ request_irq(IRQ_EINT0, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S2", &pins_desc[0]); request_irq(IRQ_EINT2, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S3", &pins_desc[1]); request_irq(IRQ_EINT11, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S4", &pins_desc[2]); request_irq(IRQ_EINT19, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S5", &pins_desc[3]); return 0; } ssize_t fifth_drv_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *ppos) { if (size != 1) return -EINVAL; /* 如果没有按键动作, 休眠 */ wait_event_interruptible(button_waitq, ev_press); /* 如果有按键动作, 返回键值 */ copy_to_user(buf, &key_val, 1); ev_press = 0; return 1; } int fifth_drv_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file) { /*释放原子变量，即加1，因为open的时候有减1测试操作*/ atomic_inc(&canopen); free_irq(IRQ_EINT0, &pins_desc[0]); free_irq(IRQ_EINT2, &pins_desc[1]); free_irq(IRQ_EINT11, &pins_desc[2]); free_irq(IRQ_EINT19, &pins_desc[3]); return 0; } static unsigned fifth_drv_poll(struct file *file, poll_table *wait) { unsigned int mask = 0; poll_wait(file, &button_waitq, wait); // 不会立即休眠 if (ev_press) mask |= POLLIN | POLLRDNORM; return mask; } static int fifth_drv_fasync (int fd, struct file *filp, int on) { printk("driver: fifth_drv_fasync\n"); return fasync_helper (fd, filp, on, &button_async); } static struct file_operations sencod_drv_fops = { .owner = THIS_MODULE, /* 这是一个宏，推向编译模块时自动创建的__this_module变量 */ .open = fifth_drv_open, .read = fifth_drv_read, .release = fifth_drv_close, .poll = fifth_drv_poll, .fasync = fifth_drv_fasync, }; int major; static int fifth_drv_init(void) { major = register_chrdev(0, "fifth_drv", &sencod_drv_fops); fifthdrv_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "fifth_drv"); fifthdrv_class_dev = class_device_create(fifthdrv_class, NULL, MKDEV(major, 0), NULL, "buttons"); /* /dev/buttons */ gpfcon = (volatile unsigned long *)ioremap(0x56000050, 16); gpfdat = gpfcon + 1; gpgcon = (volatile unsigned long *)ioremap(0x56000060, 16); gpgdat = gpgcon + 1; return 0; } static void fifth_drv_exit(void) { unregister_chrdev(major, "fifth_drv"); class_device_unregister(fifthdrv_class_dev); class_destroy(fifthdrv_class); iounmap(gpfcon); iounmap(gpgcon); return 0; } module_init(fifth_drv_init); module_exit(fifth_drv_exit); MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
2.测试程序
#include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/stat.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <poll.h> #include <signal.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <fcntl.h> int fd; void my_signal_fun(int signum) { unsigned char key_val; read(fd, &key_val, 1); printf("key_val: 0x%x\n", key_val); } int main(int argc, char **argv) { unsigned char key_val; int ret; int Oflags; signal(SIGIO, my_signal_fun); fd = open("/dev/buttons", O_RDWR); if (fd < 0) { printf("can't open!\n"); return -1; } fcntl(fd, F_SETOWN, getpid()); Oflags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL); fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, Oflags | FASYNC); while (1) { sleep(1000); } return 0; }
测试步骤：
insmod key_interrupt_atomic.ko
./test_atomic &
./test_atomic
can't open!
第二次运行测试程序打开失败。
三、信号量和阻塞
1.
#include <linux/module.h> #include <linux/kernel.h> #include <linux/fs.h> #include <linux/init.h> #include <linux/delay.h> #include <linux/irq.h> #include <asm/uaccess.h> #include <asm/irq.h> #include <asm/io.h> #include <asm/arch/regs-gpio.h> #include <asm/hardware.h> #include <linux/poll.h> static struct class *sixthdrv_class; static struct class_device *sixthdrv_class_dev; volatile unsigned long *gpfcon; volatile unsigned long *gpfdat; volatile unsigned long *gpgcon; volatile unsigned long *gpgdat; /*定义并初始化等待队列头*/ static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(button_waitq); /* 中断事件标志, 中断服务程序将它置1，sixth_drv_read将它清0 */ static volatile int ev_press = 0; static struct fasync_struct *button_async; struct pin_desc{ unsigned int pin; unsigned int key_val; }; /* 键值: 按下时, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04 */ /* 键值: 松开时, 0x81, 0x82, 0x83, 0x84 */ static unsigned char key_val; struct pin_desc pins_desc[4] = { {S3C2410_GPF0, 0x01}, {S3C2410_GPF2, 0x02}, {S3C2410_GPG3, 0x03}, {S3C2410_GPG11, 0x04}, }; /*定义一个信号量并初始化为1*/ static DEFINE_SEMAPHORE(button_lock); /* * 确定按键值 */ static irqreturn_t buttons_irq(int irq, void *dev_id) { struct pin_desc * pindesc = (struct pin_desc *)dev_id; unsigned int pinval; pinval = s3c2410_gpio_getpin(pindesc->pin); if (pinval) { /* 松开 */ key_val = 0x80 | pindesc->key_val; } else { /* 按下 */ key_val = pindesc->key_val; } ev_press = 1; /* 表示中断发生了 */ wake_up_interruptible(&button_waitq); /* 唤醒休眠的进程 */ kill_fasync (&button_async, SIGIO, POLL_IN); return IRQ_RETVAL(IRQ_HANDLED); } static int sixth_drv_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file) { /*非阻塞*/ if (file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK) { if (down_trylock(&button_lock)) //获取信号量，失败返回非0 return -EBUSY; } else { /* 获取信号量 */ //如果无法获取信号量，则会休眠 down(&button_lock); } /* 配置GPF0,2为输入引脚 */ /* 配置GPG3,11为输入引脚 */ request_irq(IRQ_EINT0, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S2", &pins_desc[0]); request_irq(IRQ_EINT2, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S3", &pins_desc[1]); request_irq(IRQ_EINT11, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S4", &pins_desc[2]); request_irq(IRQ_EINT19, buttons_irq, IRQT_BOTHEDGE, "S5", &pins_desc[3]); return 0; } ssize_t sixth_drv_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *ppos) { if (size != 1) return -EINVAL; /*当没有按键按下时，休眠。 * 即ev_press = 0; * 当有按键按下时，发生中断，在中断处理函数会唤醒 * 即ev_press = 1; * 唤醒后，接着继续将数据通过copy_to_user函数传递给应用程序 */ /*非阻塞*/ if (file->f_flags & O_NONBLOCK) { if (!ev_press) //没有按键按下直接返回 return -EAGAIN; } //阻塞 else { /* 如果没有按键动作, 休眠 */ wait_event_interruptible(button_waitq, ev_press); } /* 如果有按键动作, 返回键值 */ copy_to_user(buf, &key_val, 1);
/* 将ev_press清零 */ ev_press = 0; return 1; } int sixth_drv_close(struct inode *inode, struct file *file) { //atomic_inc(&canopen); free_irq(IRQ_EINT0, &pins_desc[0]); free_irq(IRQ_EINT2, &pins_desc[1]); free_irq(IRQ_EINT11, &pins_desc[2]); free_irq(IRQ_EINT19, &pins_desc[3]); /*释放互斥信号量*/ up(&button_lock); return 0; } static unsigned sixth_drv_poll(struct file *file, poll_table *wait) { unsigned int mask = 0; poll_wait(file, &button_waitq, wait); // 不会立即休眠 if (ev_press) mask |= POLLIN | POLLRDNORM; return mask; } static int sixth_drv_fasync (int fd, struct file *filp, int on) { printk("driver: sixth_drv_fasync\n"); return fasync_helper (fd, filp, on, &button_async); } static struct file_operations sencod_drv_fops = { .owner = THIS_MODULE, /* 这是一个宏，推向编译模块时自动创建的__this_module变量 */ .open = sixth_drv_open, .read = sixth_drv_read, .release = sixth_drv_close, .poll = sixth_drv_poll, .fasync = sixth_drv_fasync, }; int major; static int sixth_drv_init(void) { major = register_chrdev(0, "sixth_drv", &sencod_drv_fops); sixthdrv_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "sixth_drv"); sixthdrv_class_dev = class_device_create(sixthdrv_class, NULL, MKDEV(major, 0), NULL, "buttons"); /* /dev/buttons */ gpfcon = (volatile unsigned long *)ioremap(0x56000050, 16); gpfdat = gpfcon + 1; gpgcon = (volatile unsigned long *)ioremap(0x56000060, 16); gpgdat = gpgcon + 1; return 0; } static void sixth_drv_exit(void) { unregister_chrdev(major, "sixth_drv"); class_device_unregister(sixthdrv_class_dev); class_destroy(sixthdrv_class); iounmap(gpfcon); iounmap(gpgcon); return 0; } module_init(sixth_drv_init); module_exit(sixth_drv_exit); MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
2.测试程序
#include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/stat.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <poll.h> #include <signal.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <fcntl.h> /* sixthdrvtest */ int fd; void my_signal_fun(int signum) { unsigned char key_val; read(fd, &key_val, 1); printf("key_val: 0x%x\n", key_val); } int main(int argc, char **argv) { unsigned char key_val; int ret; int Oflags; fd = open("/dev/buttons", O_RDWR | O_NONBLOCK); // fd = open("/dev/buttons", O_RDWR);//默认阻塞 if (fd < 0) { printf("can't open!\n"); return -1; } while (1) { ret = read(fd, &key_val, 1); printf("key_val: 0x%x, ret = %d\n", key_val, ret); sleep(5); } return 0; }
信号量互斥（阻塞时）测试结果：
./test_signal_block &
./test_signal_block &
root@freescale /opt$ busybox ps
PID USER VSZ STAT COMMAND
1 root 2188 S init
2 root 0 SW [kthreadd]
2580 root 2368 S -sh
2590 root 1460 S ./test_signal_block
2591 root 1460 D ./test_signal_block
由上面的测试结果可知：当多次执行./test_signal_block &时，进程2590的状态为S即睡眠状态（阻塞状态时未按下按键时休眠），2591的状态为D即僵死状态(无法获取信号量休眠),只有杀死2590，2591才能变成S.非阻塞测试结果(与信号量无关)：key_val: 0x0, ret = -1 key_val: 0x0, ret = -1 key_val: 0x0, ret = -1 key_val: 0x0, ret = -1 key_val: 0x0, ret = -1未按下按键5s打印获取一次，结果是直接返回的。
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